=1.= Linnaeus _Amoen. Acad._ =4=:273. 1755. =2.= Seringe _DC. Prodr._ =2=:532. 1825. =3.= Hooker _Brit. Fl._ 220. 1830. =4.= Loudon _Arb. Fr. Brit._ =2=:687. 1844. =5.= Koch, K. _Dend._ =1=:95. 1869. =6.= Ibid. _Deut. Obst._ 144. 1876. =7.= De Candolle _Or. Cult. Pl._ 211. 1885. =8.= Emerson _Trees of Mass._ Ed. =4=:512. 1887. =9.= Schwarz _Forst. Bot._ 339. 1892. =10.= Koch, W. _Syn. Deut. und Schw. Fl._ =1=:726. 1892. =11.= Koehne _Deut. Dend._ 316. 1893. =12.= Dippel _Handb. Laubh._ =3=:639. 1893. =13.= Lucas. _Handb. Obst._ 429. 1893. =14.= Beck von Managetta _Nied. Oester._ 819. 1893. _P. communis_ (in part). =15.= Hudson _Fl. Anglic._ 212. 1778. =16.= Bentham _Handb. Brit. Fl._ =1=:236. 1865. _P. domestica insititia._ =17.= Schneider _Handb. Laubh._ =1=:630. 1892. =18.= Waugh _Bot. Gaz._ =27=:478. 1899. Tree dwarfish but thrifty, attaining a height of twenty to twenty-five feet; trunk reaches eight inches in diameter and bears its head rather low, three to five feet from the ground; bark gray with a tinge of red, smooth, with transverse cracks; branches upright-spreading, rigid, compact, short-jointed, and more or less thorny; branchlets pubescent, slender, reddish-brown or drab. Winter-buds small, conical, pointed or obtuse, free or appressed; leaves small, ovate or obovate; apex obtuse or abruptly pointed, base cuneate or narrowed and rounded, margins finely and closely, sometimes doubly serrate or crenate, usually glandular; texture thin and firm; upper surface slightly rugose, dark green, slightly hairy; lower surface paler and soft, pubescent; petioles one-half inch long, slender, pubescent, tinged with red; glands few or glandless. Flowers expand with or after the leaves, one inch or less in size; borne variously but usually in lateral, umbel-like clusters, one, two or rarely three from a bud, on slender pedicels, which are pubescent and one-half inch in length; calyx-tube campanulate, glabrous or nearly so, green or tinged with red; calyx-lobes narrow, obtuse or acute, glandular-serrate, glabrous or pubescent, reflexed; petals white or creamy in the bud, broadly oval, entire or dentate, reflexed, claw short; stamens about twenty-five, as long as the petals; anthers yellow, often tinged with red; pistil glabrous and nearly as long as the stamens. Fruit ripens from early to late; globular or oval, often necked, less than an inch in diameter, variously colored but usually bluish-black or amber-yellow, with a heavy bloom; skin thin, tough; stem slender, one-half inch long, more or less pubescent; cavity shallow, narrow; apex roundish or flattened; suture indistinct or a line; flesh firm, yellow, juicy, sweet or acid; stone clinging or free, somewhat turgid, ovoid, nearly smooth, ridged on one edge and grooved on the other.