[53] After having said that the idea of good and evil (_moralité_) exists among all men, M. de Quatrefages adds, that “the notion of the Divinity and that of another life are also generally diffused” (_Unité de l’Espèce Humaine_, p. 23). We shall demonstrate further on (chap. v) that this statement is incorrect, and how fragile the bases are upon which M. de Quatrefages rests the _fundamental_ characteristics which, according to him, distinguish the human kingdom. [54] M. Chevreul has already defined the “Beautiful” as “the expression of causes whose influence has most force in moving mankind by appealing to their senses” (_Lettres à M. Villemain sur la Méthode_, 1856, p. 169). [55] [“Truth lies at the bottom of a well,” is an old saying, but our author does not seem to agree with it. We should be very sorry to think that truth was only to be found in science. This is, doubtless, the opinion of a great many learned men at the present day; but we must candidly own we do not agree with it, and certainly are not able to endorse M. Pouchet’s sentiment. We have ourselves not arrived at the point, and in this we are, doubtless, old-fashioned,--of referring everything to “reason,” as opposed to faith.--EDITOR.] [56] _Edinburgh Journal of Science_, 1828, vol. ix, p. 10. [57] _Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences_, vol. iii, p. 29. [58] We can compare this passage from the naturalist philosopher with the other quotations we made farther back. “Females are extremely curious about this spectacle (the fondness of a “mother” monkey for her young one), and doubtless their attention is caused by discovering therein a true manifestation of the feelings they have themselves experienced as mothers; they are, above all things, astonished to recognise in these ardent attentions the joy and pride of maternity, of which they believed themselves alone to be susceptible.” (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, _Cours d’Histoire Naturelle des Mammifères_, Paris, 1829, vol. i; Lesson, vi, p. 16). [59] Proudhon has already laid down as a principle the establishment of a psychology among animals (_De la Justice_, vol. ii, p. 279). Frederick Cuvier has done the same. [60] Hom. iv _in Acta Apostolorum_. See Rechtenbach, _De Sermone Brutorum_, Erfurt, 1706, p. 1.