[41] M. Ehrenberg, speaking one day of the unknown centre of Africa, said to us, “that it might not be impossible to find there men so different from us that we ought to make of them, willingly or unwillingly, a special group.” I quote these words in no way with the design of presuming that there is such an order of beings; but in order to show that the father of the naturalists of Europe, the friend of Humboldt, believes in something else than the unity of the human species, because he admits that a generic plurality is possible. [42] R. Owen, _On the Characters of the Class Mammalia_, 1857, p. 20, _note_. The illustrious _savant_ has himself treated on this subject, _ex professo_, in the catalogue of the collection in the College of Surgeons. [43] “The orang-outang is capable of a kind of laugh when pleasantly excited,” J. Grant, “Account of the Structure of an Orang-Outang” (_Edinburgh Journal of Science_, vol. ix, 1828). [44] Artificial love itself, with all the complexity of ideas which it is supposed must thence arise, is not, as one may think, the debauchery of civilisation; it belongs to animals akin to man as well as to man himself. See Ch. Robin and Béraud, _Précis de la Physiologie de l’Homme_, vol. ii, p. 384. It is the same with impure connection, or coupling, radically inexplicable by _instinct_. See Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, _Histoire Naturelle Générale des Règnes Organiques_, vol. iii, p. 142. [45] Doctor Yvan commanded the _Archimedes_; he has written an account of his voyage: _Voyages et Récits_, Brussels, 1853, 2 vols. in 12mo. [46] “The Australians only wear woollen clothing in order to protect the chest; ... no idea of shame has ever led them to hide the natural parts.” Lesson et Garnot, _Annales des Sciences Naturelles_, 1827, vol. x. [47] The orang observed by J. Grant also showed these signs of desperation; “he poured it (a saucer) angrily out on the floor, whined in a peculiar manner, and threw himself passionately on his back on the ground, striking his breast and paunch with his palms, and giving a kind of reiterated _croak_.”--“Account of the Structure of an Orang-Outang,” _Edinburgh Journal of Science_, vol. ix, p. 11. [The same demonstration of feeling was showed by the orangs in the Zoological Gardens, May 1864.--EDITOR.] [48] [Tagal, a chief town of Java.--EDITOR.] [49] _Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences_, vol. ii, p. 582. [50] _Essai Philosophique sur l’âme des bêtes_, 1728, p. 132. [51] [_Guenon_, the _Simia nasalis_ of Buffon.--EDITOR.] [52] Plato, _Leges_, x, 1. See Maury, _Religions_, vol. iii, p. 4, _note_ 2.