[91] It is because there is a sort of capability for education in the animal, and indeed in the whole of his race, placed under certain circumstances; it is because, on the other hand, we refuse to certain human races the “initiative in progress,” (see Broca, _Bulletins de la Société d’Anthropologie_, May 24 and June 21, 1860), that we cannot accept the “_class man_” of M. Chevreul, preceding the “_class mammalia_,” and having, as a characteristic, the _capability of perfection in the individual, and in the association of individuals_.--See _Exposé d’un moyen de Définir et de Nommer les Couleurs_, § 185. (_Mémoires de l’Académie des Sciences_, vol. xxxiii, 1861.) [92] See Dr. Gibson, Amer. Assoc. (compare _Ami des Sciences_, 29 August, 1858.) [93] It would be a curious study, for instance, to find out if certain noises,--certain sounds which have no signification to our ears, do not produce, among some animals, clearly determined impressions, having their first origin in these animals themselves, or in their mutual relations, the education we give them going for nothing in this sort of evidence. [94] [The Rev. F. W. Robertson (who died some years ago), states some opinions in his published sermons which show he was almost before his time in his ideas concerning animals. He says, in comparing them with mankind, “There is the same external form, the same material in the blood-vessels, in the nerves, and in the muscular system. Nay, more than that, our appetites and instincts are alike, our lower pleasures like their lower pleasures, our lower pain like their lower pain; our life is supported by the same means, and our animal functions are almost indistinguishably the same.” _Sermons_, 3rd series, 1857 (preached in 1850), p. 49. “It is the law of being, that in proportion as you rise from lower to higher life, the parts are more distinctly developed, while yet the unity becomes more entire. You find, for example, in the lowest forms of animal life, one organ performs several functions; one organ being, at the same time, heart, and brain, and blood-vessel. But when you come to man, you find all these various functions existing in different organs, and every organ more distinctly developed; and yet the unity of a man is a higher unity than that of a limpet.” (_Sermons_, p. 57.)--EDITOR.] [95] _A Treatise on the Records of the Creation_, by J. Bird Sumner, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, 6th edit., 8vo, London, 1850. [96] Nullum characterem hactenus eruere potui, unde homo a simia internoscatur.--Linnæus, _Fauna Suecica_: præfatio. [97] Owen, _On the Characters of the Class Mammalia_, p. 20, _note_ (_Journal of Proceedings of Linnean Society_, 1857.) [98] _Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences_, vol. ii, p. 581. [99] See the magnificent work, _Sketches of Central Africa_, and the portrait of the chief, Kanéma, in _Barth’s Travels_, vol. iii. [100] Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, _Hist. Naturelle Générale_, vol. ii, pp. 200-515.