The pneumatics of Hero of AlexandriaHero, of Alexandria
History
The pneumatics of Hero of Alexandria
Hero, of Alexandria
Discoveries in science -- History; Inventions -- History; Pneumatics
There are some vessels which emit no stream unless they are filled; but
when filled discharge all the liquid they contain. They are made as
follows: Let A B C D (fig. 12) be a vessel open at the top, and through
its bottom pass a tube, either an inclosed diabetes as E F G, or a bent
siphon G H K. When the vessel A B C D is filled, and the water runs
over, a discharge will begin through the diabetes, and continue till
the vessel is empty, if the interior opening of the diabetes is so near
the bottom of the vessel as only to leave a passage for the water.
13. _Two Vessels from which the contents flow, by a Liquid being poured
into one only._
[Illustration: Diagram of apparatus as described in text]
If two vessels, both of them having visible outlets, stand upon a
pedestal, and one of them be filled with wine, the other remaining
empty, the wine shall not flow out until the empty vessel be filled
with water; and then a discharge shall begin, of wine from one, and of
water from the other, until both are empty. Such vessels are called
_harmonious goblets_. Let A B C D (fig. 13) be the pedestal on which
the vessels, E and F, stand. In each of them place a bent siphon, G H K
in E, and L M N in F, and let the outer extremities of the siphons be
shaped like water-pipes. At the bend the siphons must approach nearly
to the mouths of the vessels. Let another bent tube, X O P R, passing
through the pedestal, connect the two vessels, the extremities of
which, X and R, must reach as high as the bend of the siphons. Now pour
wine into one vessel, taking care that it does not mount higher than
the bend of the siphon at H. Up to this point the wine will not flow
out, as there is nothing to originate a discharge through the siphon.
But if we pour water into the vessel F, until its surface mounts above
the bend of the siphon at M, then the water will descend and pass
through the pipe X O P R into the other vessel. Thus a discharge is
occasioned of the wine also, and both vessels will continue to run the
one with wine, the other with water, until both are emptied.
14. _A Bird made to whistle by flowing Water._
[Illustration: Diagram of apparatus as described in text]
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