71. Fig. _d_ is a Netherland chimney, _e_ and _f_ German. Fig. _d_ belongs to an old Gothic building in Malines, and is a good example of the application of the same lines to the chimney which occur in other parts of the edifice, without bestowing any false elevation of character. It is roughly carved in stone, projecting at its base grotesquely from the roof, and covered at the top. The pointed arch, by which its character is given, prevents it from breaking in upon the lines of the rest of the building, and, therefore, in reality renders it less conspicuous than it would otherwise have been. We should never have noticed its existence, had we not been looking out for chimneys. 72. Fig. _e_ is also carved in stone, and where there is much variety of architecture, or where the buildings are grotesque, would be a good chimney, for the very simple reason, that it resembles nothing but a chimney, and its lines are graceful. Fig. _f_, though ugly in the abstract, might be used with effect in situations where perfect simplicity would be too conspicuous; but both _e_ and _f_ are evidently the awkward efforts of a tasteless nation, to produce something original: they have lost the chastity which we admired in _a_, without obtaining the grace and spirit of _l_ and _o_. In fact, they are essentially German. 73. Figs. _h_ to _m_, inclusive, are Spanish, and have a peculiar character, which would render it quite impossible to employ them out of their own country. Yet they are not decorated chimneys. There is not one fragment of ornament on any of them. All is done by variety of form; and with such variety no fault can be found, because it is necessary to give them the character of the buildings, out of which they rise. For we may observe here, once for all, that character may be given either by form or by decoration, and that where the latter is improper, variety of form is allowable, because the humble associations which render ornament objectionable, also render simplicity of form unnecessary.[13] We need not then find fault with _fantastic_ chimneys, provided they are kept in unison with the rest of the building, and do not draw too much attention. [Footnote 13: Elevation of character, as was seen in the Italian cottage, depends upon simplicity of form.] 74. Fig. _h_, according to this rule, is a very good chimney. It is graceful without pretending, and its grotesqueness will suit the buildings round it--we wish we could give them: they are at Cordova.