Difference of Climate between East and West Patagonia.-- Extraordinary Aridity of East Patagonia.--Zoology.--The Guanaco.--The Tucutuco.--The Patagonian Agouti.--Vultures.-- The Turkey-buzzard.--The Carrancha.--The Chimango.-- Darwin’s Ostrich.--The Patagonians.--Exaggerated Accounts of their Stature.--Their Physiognomy and Dress.--Religious Ideas.--Superstitions.--Astronomical Knowledge.--Division into Tribes.--The Tent, or Toldo.--Trading Routes.--The great Cacique.--Introduction of the Horse.--Industry.-- Amusements.--Character. 417 CHAPTER XLI. THE FUEGIANS. Their miserable Condition.--Degradation of Body and Mind.-- Powers of Mimicry.--Notions of Barter.--Causes of their low State of Cultivation.--Their Food.--Limpets.--_Cyttaria Darwini._--Constant Migrations.--The Fuegian Wigwam.-- Weapons.--Their probable Origin.--Their Number, and various Tribes.--Constant Feuds.--Cannibalism.--Language.-- Adventures of Fuegia Basket, Jemmy Button, and York Minster.-- Missionary Labors.--Captain Gardiner.--His lamentable End. 425 CHAPTER XLII. CHARLES FRANCIS HALL AND THE INNUITS. Hall’s Expedition.--His early Life.--His reading of Arctic Adventure.--His Resolve.--His Arctic Outfit.--Sets sail on the “George Henry.”--The Voyage.--Kudlago.--Holsteinborg, Greenland.--Population of Greenland.--Sails for Davis’s Strait.--Character of the Innuits.--Wreck of the “Rescue.”-- Ebierbing and Tookoolito.--Their Visit to England.--Hall’s first Exploration.--European and Innuit Life in the Arctic Regions.--Building an Igloo.--Almost Starved.--Fight for Food with Dogs.--Ebierbing arrives with a Seal.--How he caught it.--A Seal-feast.--The Innuits and Seals.--The Polar Bear.--How he teaches the Innuits to catch Seals.-- At a Seal-hole.--Dogs as Seal-hunters.--Dogs and Bears.-- Dogs and Reindeers.--Innuits and Walruses.--More about Igloos.--Innuit Implements.--Uses of the Reindeer.-- Innuit Improvidence.--A Deer-feast.--A frozen Delicacy.-- Whale-skin as Food.--Whale-gum.--How to eat Whale Ligament.-- Raw Meat.--The Dress of the Innuits.--A pretty Style.-- Religious Ideas of the Innuits.--Their kindly Character.-- Treatment of the Aged and Infirm.--A Woman abandoned to die.-- Hall’s Attempt to rescue her.--The Innuit Nomads, without any form of Government.--Their Numbers diminishing.--A Sailor wanders away.--Hall’s Search for him.--Finds him frozen to death.--The Ship free from Ice.--Preparations to return.-- Reset in the Ice-pack.--Another Arctic Winter.--Breaking up of the Ice.--Departure for Home.--Tookoolito and her Child “Butterfly.”--Death of “Butterfly.”--Arrival at Home.-- Results of Hall’s Expedition.--Innuit Traditions.--Discovery of Frobisher Relics.--Hall undertakes a second Expedition.--