The Countries they inhabit.--Their Appearance and Dress.--Their Love of Finery.--Condition of the Women.--Strange Customs.-- Character.--Feuds with the Esquimaux.--Their suspicious and timorous Lives.--Pounds for catching Reindeer.--Their Lodges. 331 CHAPTER XXXII. ARCTIC VOYAGES OF DISCOVERY, FROM THE CABOTS TO BAFFIN. First Scandinavian Discoverer of America.--The Cabots.-- Willoughby and Chancellor (1553–1554).--Stephen Burrough (1556).--Frobisher (1576–1578).--Davis (1585–1587).-- Barentz, Cornelis, and Brant (1594).--Wintering of the Dutch Navigators in Nova Zembla (1596–1597).--John Knight (1606).-- Murdered by the Esquimaux.--Henry Hudson (1607–1609).--Baffin (1616). 335 CHAPTER XXXIII. ARCTIC VOYAGES OF DISCOVERY, FROM BAFFIN TO M’CLINTOCK. Buchan and Franklin.--Ross and Parry (1818).--Discovery of Melville Island.--Winter Harbor (1819–1820).--Franklin’s first land Journey.--Dreadful Sufferings.--Parry’s second Voyage (1821–1823).--Iligliuk.--Lyon (1824).--Parry’s third Voyage (1824).--Franklin’s second land Journey to the Shores of the Polar Sea.--Beechey.--Parry’s sledge Journey towards the Pole.--Sir John Ross’s second Journey.--Five Years in the Arctic Ocean.--Back’s Discovery of Great Fish River.--Dease and Simpson (1837–1839).--Franklin and Crozier’s last Voyage (1845).--Searching Expeditions.--Richardson and Rae.--Sir James Ross.--Austin.--Penny.--De Haven.--Franklin’s first Winter-quarters discovered by Ommaney.--Kennedy and Bellot.-- Inglefield.--Sir E. Belcher.--Kellett.--M’Clure’s Discovery of the North-west Passage.--Collinson.--Bellot’s Death.-- Dr. Rae learns the Death of the Crews of the “Erebus” and “Terror.”--Sir Leopold M’Clintock. 344 CHAPTER XXXIV. KANE AND HAYES. Kane sails up Smith’s Sound in the “Advance” (1853).-- Winters in Rensselaer Bay.--Sledge Journey along the Coast of Greenland.--The Three-brother Turrets.--Tennyson’s Monument.--The Great Humboldt Glacier.--Dr. Hayes crosses Kennedy Channel.--Morton’s Discovery of Washington Land.-- Mount Parry.--Kane resolves upon a second Wintering in Rensselaer Bay.--Departure and Return of Part of the Crew.-- Sufferings of the Winter.--The Ship abandoned.--Boat Journey to Upernavik.--Kane’s Death in the Havana (1857).--Dr. Hayes’s Voyage in 1860.--He winters at Port Foulke.--Crosses Kennedy Channel.--Reaches Cape Union, the most northern known Land upon the Globe.--Koldewey.--Plans for future Voyages to the North Pole. 365 CHAPTER XXXV. NEWFOUNDLAND.