“Sun Yat-sen ist demnach nicht nur der bisher mächtigste Repräsentant der bürgerlich-nationalen, antiimperialistischen Revolutionen des erwach-enden Asiens überhaupt, er weist zugleich über die bürgerliche Klassen-schranke dieser ersten Etappe der asiatischen Befreiungsbewegung hinaus. Dies zu verkennen, wäre verhängnisvoll, gerade auch für die proletarisch-kommunistische Bewegung Ostasiens selbst.” 177 Statement of Judge Linebarger to the author. See also Linebarger, _Conversations_, references to Communism which occur throughout the whole book. 178 Tsui, cited, p. 144. It would involve a duplication of effort for the present author to repeat the material of Dr. Tsui’s excellent monograph on Sun Yat-sen and the Bolsheviks. Since the purpose of the present work is to undertake an exposition of the Nationalist political ideology and programs against the background of the old Chinese ideology, such an emphasis upon one comparatively small point in Sun Yat-sen’s doctrines would be entirely disproportionate as well as superfluous. The reader is referred to the work of Dr. Tsui for any details of these relations that he may wish to examine. 179 See Tsui, cited, and section below, on the class struggle of the nations. 180 d’Elia translation, cited, p. 450. See also Tsui, cited, pp. 353-354; and Li, cited, pp. 229 and following. 181 Sun, _Development of China_, cited, p. 237. 182 Maurice William, _Sun Yat-sen Versus Communism_, Baltimore, 1932, p. 4. 183 William, in his _Sun Yat-sen Versus Communism_, cited, proves beyond doubt that Sun Yat-sen was strongly indebted to him for many anti-Marxian arguments. 184 See above, Chapter One, second, third, and fourth sections. 185 d’Elia translation, cited, p. 423. 186 Tsui, cited, pp. 121-123, n. 72. 187 d’Elia translation, cited, p. 472. 188 Hsü translation, cited, p. 422. The Hsü version will be cited from time to time, whenever Father d’Elia’s interesting neologisms might make the citation too disharmonious, in wording, with the comment. 189 d’Elia translation, cited, p. 294. 190 Francis W. Coker, _Recent Political Thought_, New York—London, 1934, pp. 545-562, Ch. XX, “Empirical Collectivism.” 191 Coker, cited, pp. 546-547. 192 Coker, cited, pp. 548-549. Throughout the discussion of empirical collectivism the present author will cite, by and large, the categories given by Coker. Any special exceptions will be noted, but otherwise the discussion will be based on Coker’s chapter on “Empirical Collectivism,” cited above. 193 Linebarger, _Conversations_, cited, Book III, p. 31. 194 Linebarger, _Conversations_, cited, Book III, p. 30. 195 d’Elia translation, cited, p. 475.