283 Vinacke, cited, p. 141 and following. While Dr. Vinacke’s book is now out of date, it contains excellent material for the period covered, roughly 1898 to 1919. He quotes Morse’s comment on the provinces with approval: “The Provinces are satrapies to the extent that so long as the tribute and matriculations are duly paid, and the general policy of the central administration followed, they are free to administer their own affairs in detail as may seem best to their own provincial authorities.” (Hosea Ballou Morse, _The Trade and Administration of China_, London, 1913, p. 46, quoted in Vinacke, work cited, p. 5.) 284 Paul M. W. Linebarger, _Conversations with Sun Yat-sen_, mss., 1934; Book two, Chapter Five, “Democratic Provincial Home Rule.” 285 Hsü, cited, p. 124. 286 Tyau, cited, p. 441. From “The Outline of National Reconstruction.” 287 Tyau, cited, p. 450. 288 V. I. Lenin, _State and Revolution_, New York, 1932. Lenin’s discussion of Marx’s point, p. 39 and following, is stimulating although inclining to the ingenious. 289 The number of the villages is taken from Tawney, Richard Henry, _Land and Labor in China_, London, 1932; and the number of _hsien_ from Tyau, cited, p. 85. 290 Linebarger, _Conversations_, cited above; throughout this volume, Judge Linebarger recalls references made by Sun Yat-sen to him concerning the _hsien_. 291 It is but fair to state, at the beginning, that this point of the family system as one of the institutions of the democratic nation has been very largely neglected by the Kuomintang and the National Government. To the knowledge of the author, no plan has ever been drafted either by Party or by Government which would erect the system that Sun Yat-sen proposed. It is not beyond all conjecture that Sun’s suggestion may at a later date seem more practicable to the leaders than now appears, and be put into operation in some manner. 292 Hsü, cited, p. 164. 293 Hsü, cited, p. 243. 294 The material concerning the clans has been taken from the fifth lecture on Nationalism (Hsü, cited, p. 240 and following; d’Elia, cited, p. 174 and following). Judge Linebarger recorded Sun Yat-sen’s mention of a convention of the clans in _Conversations_, cited above, Book One, Chapter Eight, “The Clans in the Nation.”