The Political Institutions of the Ancient GreeksHammond, Basil Edward
History
The Political Institutions of the Ancient Greeks
Hammond, Basil Edward
Greece -- Politics and government; Political science
Pisander, on his return to Athens about April 411 B.C.[208], was
eager for the establishment of an oligarchy, with himself as one
of its leading members: and, even if he had wished to pause in his
measures, it was now dangerous for him to do so, because, if the
citizens recovered from their terror, he would be prosecuted under
a Graphê Paranomôn for the proposals which he had made and carried
last year, and would undergo severe punishment. One of his adherents
named Pythodorus at once proposed to the assembly that it should
appoint a small committee of citizens to make a draft scheme for a new
constitution: Cleitophon, who was probably an opponent of Pisander,
moved that it should be an instruction to the committee that they
should examine the ancient constitution of Cleisthenes to see whether
any of its provisions ought to be revived. The proposal of Pythodorus
was carried: whether Cleitophon's instruction was accepted or rejected
we do not know[209].
[208] The oligarchical government lasted four months and ended two
months after new archons took office, that is to say, two months after
midsummer. Aristotle, _Constitution of Athens_, 33. Clinton, _Fasti
Hellenici_, vol. II. pp. XV. XVI.
[209] Thucydides VIII. 67. Aristotle, _Constitution of Athens_, 29.
Within a short time the committee had prepared its proposals. An
assembly of the citizens was summoned to meet, not as usual at the
Pnyx within the city, but at the hill of Colonus, more than a mile
outside the walls. At this assembly the proposals of the committee were
announced; and they were to the following effect. (1) Any Athenian
citizen may propose whatever he thinks fit; and no proposal shall make
him liable to a Graphê Paranomôn. (2) The government (that is to say,
the right of speaking and voting in the ecclesia) shall be entrusted,
during the continuance of the war, to a body of citizens numbering not
less than Five Thousand, and consisting of those best qualified by
bodily vigour for serving in the war or by wealth for contributing to
the public treasury. (3) During the continuance of the war no wages
shall be paid from the treasury except to the army and navy, and the
nine archons and the presidents of the assembly and council[210].
[210] Aristotle, _Constitution of Athens_, 29. Thucydides VIII. 67.
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