Fiction -- History and criticism; Political fiction -- History and criticism; Politics in literature
Nearly a hundred years later André Malraux wrote of a time of
political chaos in _Man’s Fate_. But the span of his novel was four
months rather than thirty years. Malraux gives a detailed account
of Chiang Kai-shek’s military victory of 1927 in Shanghai and his
subsequent crushing of the Chinese Communist forces which fought him.
Not only does he examine the roles of the immediate participants--the
White Guards, the governmental army, the “Reds” and “Blues” of the
Kuomintang--but also the intervention of outside forces as well--the
Russian Communists, the Shanghai bankers, the French Chamber of
Commerce, and the Franco-Asiatic Consortium. Malraux explores both the
military and economic aspects of the struggle. Kyo Gisors feels that
triumph here will mean “the U.S.S.R. increased to six hundred million
men.” Ferral, head of the Chamber and the Consortium, realizes that it
will also mean the end of his group’s commercial penetration of the
Yangtze basin. _Man’s Fate_ may be read for these insights into the
uprising of 1927 and also for background on the formulation of the
Communist decision which kept the armies of Mao Tse-tung, Chu Teh,
and others within the Kuomintang until they gained enough strength to
defeat it.
=Jean-Paul Sartre: The Shadow of Munich=
Jean-Paul Sartre’s technique in _The Reprieve_ (1947) may remind one of
a photographer whose camera mechanism has gone awry. What he is trying
to do is clear, but it does not quite come off. Covering the week of
September 23-30, 1938, the novel is kaleidoscopic. Using more than nine
distinct couples or groups, Sartre jumps from the activities of one
to another with no transition. The scene may change from sentence to
sentence or even within a sentence. He obviously does this to portray
events which are happening simultaneously. He also uses this technique,
apparently, to give some sense of the chaos that reigned during the
week when Europe was on the verge of war. To show the impact of these
events upon France, he has selected his people from many strata
of French society. Interspersed between all these semi-fragmented
stories and incidents are dialogues between the politicians: Hitler
and his aides, Daladier and Bonnet, Chamberlain and Halifax, Sir
Nevile Henderson and Sir Horace Wilson. Through its characters the
novel ranges over Europe from England to the Sudetenland, finally
arriving at Munich. The book’s last two paragraphs serve as an example
of this technique which has a cumulative effect but which can be
extremely troublesome to a reader accustomed to conventional narration.
Daladier’s plane lands at Le Bourget as Milan Hlinka, a loyal Sudeten
Czech, hears of his country’s dismemberment:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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