The Polity of the Athenians and the LacedaemoniansXenophon
History
The Polity of the Athenians and the Lacedaemonians
Xenophon
Classical literature; Greece -- Politics and government -- Early works to 1800
So also in the matter of drink. Whilst putting a stop to all unnecessary
potations, detrimental alike to a firm brain and a steady gait, (5) he
left them free to quench thirst when nature dictated (6); a method which
would at once add to the pleasure whilst it diminished the danger of
drinking. And indeed one may fairly ask how, on such a system of common
meals, it would be possible for any one to ruin either himself or his
family either through gluttony or wine-bibbing.
(5) Or, "apt to render brain and body alike unsteady."
(6) See "Agesilaus"; also "Mem." and "Cyrop."
This too must be borne in mind, that in other states equals in age, (7)
for the most part, associate together, and such an atmosphere is little
conducive to modesty. (8) Whereas in Sparta Lycurgus was careful so
to blend the ages (9) that the younger men must benefit largely by the
experience of the elder--an education in itself, and the more so since
by custom of the country conversation at the common meal has reference
to the honourable acts which this man or that man may have performed in
relation to the state. The scene, in fact, but little lends itself to
the intrusion of violence or drunken riot; ugly speech and ugly deeds
alike are out of place. Amongst other good results obtained through this
out-door system of meals may be mentioned these: There is the necessity
of walking home when the meal is over, and a consequent anxiety not to
be caught tripping under the influence of wine, since they all know of
course that the supper-table must be presently abandoned, (10) and that
they must move as freely in the dark as in the day, even the help of a
torch (11) to guide the steps being forbidden to all on active service.
(7) Cf. Plat. "Phaedr." 240 C; {elix eklika terpei}, "Equals delight
in equals."
(8) Or, "these gatherings for the most part consist of equals in age
(young fellows), in whose society the virtue of modesty is least
likely to display itself."
(9) See Plut. "Lycurg." 12 (Clough, i. 98).
(10) Or, "that they are not going to stay all night where they have
supped."
(11) See Plut. "Lycurg." 12 (Clough, i. 99).
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