The Polity of the Athenians and the LacedaemoniansXenophon
History
The Polity of the Athenians and the Lacedaemonians
Xenophon
Classical literature; Greece -- Politics and government -- Early works to 1800
In the same way he empowered them to use their neighbour's (4) domestics
in case of need. This communism he applied also to dogs used for the
chase; in so far that a party in need of dogs will invite the owner to
the chase, and if he is not at leisure to attend himself, at any rate he
is happy to let his dogs go. The same applies to the use of horses.
Some one has fallen sick perhaps, or is in want of a carriage, (5) or
is anxious to reach some point or other quickly--in any case he has a
right, if he sees a horse anywhere, to take and use it, and restores it
safe and sound when he has done with it.
(4) See Aristot. "Pol." ii. 5 (Jowett, i. pp. xxxi. and 34; ii. p.
53); Plat. "Laws," viii. 845 A; Newman, "Pol. Aristot." ii. 249
foll.
(5) "Has not a carriage of his own."
And here is another institution attributed to Lycurgus which scarcely
coincides with the customs elsewhere in vogue. A hunting party returns
from the chase, belated. They want provisions--they have nothing
prepared themselves. To meet this contingency he made it a rule that
owners (6) are to leave behind the food that has been dressed; and the
party in need will open the seals, take out what they want, seal up the
remainder, and leave it. Accordingly, by his system of give-and-take
even those with next to nothing (7) have a share in all that the country
can supply, if ever they stand in need of anything.
(6) Reading {pepamenous}, or if {pepasmenous}, "who have already
finished their repasts."
(7) See Aristot. "Pol." ii. 9 (Jowett, i. pp. xlii. and 52); Muller,
"Dorians," iii. 10, 1 (vol. ii. 197, Eng. tr.)
VII
There are yet other customs in Sparta which Lycurgus instituted in
opposition to those of the rest of Hellas, and the following among them.
We all know that in the generality of states every one devotes his full
energy to the business of making money: one man as a tiller of the soil,
another as a mariner, a third as a merchant, whilst others depend
on various arts to earn a living. But at Sparta Lycurgus forbade his
freeborn citizens to have anything whatsoever to do with the concerns
of money-making. As freemen, he enjoined upon them to regard as their
concern exclusively those activities upon which the foundations of civic
liberty are based.
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