Transcriber’s note: Table of Contents added by Transcriber. CONTENTS The Modern Occult 449 Birds As Flying Machines 473 Electric Automobiles 479 The Human Body As an Engine 491 Chapters on the Stars 500 The Psychology of Red. (II.) 517 The Expenditure of the Working Classes 527 The Conquest of the Tropics 540 Discussion and Correspondence 546 Scientific Literature 550 The Progress of Science 555 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY EDITED BY J. McKEEN CATTELL VOL. LVII MAY TO OCTOBER, 1900 NEW YORK AND LONDON McCLURE, PHILLIPS AND COMPANY 1900 COPYRIGHT, 1900, BY McCLURE, PHILLIPS AND COMPANY. THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. SEPTEMBER, 1900. THE MODERN OCCULT. BY PROFESSOR JOSEPH JASTROW, UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. If that imaginary individual so convenient for literary illustration, a visitor from Mars, were to alight upon our planet at the present time, and if his intellectual interests induced him to take a survey of mundane views of what is “in heaven above, or on the earth beneath or in the waters under the earth,” of terrestrial opinions in regard to the great problems of mind and matter, of government and society, of life and death--our Martian observer might conceivably report that a limited portion of mankind were guided by views that were the outcome of accumulated toil, and generations of studious devotion, representing a slow and tortuous, but progressive growth through error and superstition, and at the cost of persecution and bloodshed; that they maintained institutions of learning where the fruits of such thought could be imparted and the seeds cultivated to bear still more richly, but that outside of this respectable yet influential minority there were endless upholders of utterly unlike notions and of widely diverging beliefs, clamoring like the builders of the tower of Babel in diverse tongues.