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Very simple, but let me “whisper,” if you really master and
understand the mysteries of “long division,” you have crossed the
Rubicon of education. There is no door in all human learning that
need remain forever sealed to a persistent mind that has truly
found its way clearly and understandingly through this first great
stumbling block. Ask any old-fashioned school teacher to dispute
that proposition. And, “whisper” again, there are men counting
coupons who can do long division, to be sure, but who could not
tell you why it is done as it is, if the price of stocks depended
on it.
Punctuation.
Punctuation is a system of marks the purpose of which is to
indicate to the eye the relation of words to one another in
meaning, and so the relative importance of the component parts of
a written composition.
The marks of Punctuation, corresponding, for the most part, to
pauses in spoken language, are the comma (,), the period (.), the
note of interrogation (?), the note of exclamation (!), the colon
(:), the semi-colon (;), the dash (--), parentheses ( ), brackets
[ ], quotation marks (“ ”), and the hyphen (-).
=Purpose of Punctuation.=--To make a written composition clear and
intelligent, and to facilitate the task of reading.
=Avoid All Unnecessary Remarks.=--In modern writings punctuation
marks are less frequently used than they were among writers in the
early part of the last century. A sentence consisting of a simple
subject, a simple predicate, and a simple object, or the relation
of whose parts is clearly intelligible without marks, should not
be encumbered with any. Take, for instance, the following two
sentences:
“The attack was prepared with impenetrable secrecy.”
“On the very morning of the massacre they were in the houses and at
the tables of those whose deaths they were plotting.”
=Comma.=--Three or more words of the same part of speech not
connected by conjunctions should be separated from one another by
commas.
“He was strong, alert, active.”
“New York City is grand, immense, beautiful.”
Two words contrasted with one another are separated by a comma.
“He is slow, but sure.”
Words in a series of pairs should be separated by a comma. “Young
and old, strong and weak, fair and dark, good and bad.”
Explanatory and parenthetical words or phrases (such as
“therefore,” “moreover,” “indeed,” “however,” “in fact,” “to some
extent,” etc.), inserted into the body of a sentence are usually
marked off by commas.
A comma is inserted after the name of a person or thing addressed.
“John, you were mistaken.”
“My country, I am proud of thee.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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