The Postnatal Development of Two Broods of Great Horned Owls (Bubo virginianus)Hoffmeister, Donald Frederick
Science
The Postnatal Development of Two Broods of Great Horned Owls (Bubo virginianus)
Hoffmeister, Donald Frederick
Owls
Within about 12 hours after hatching, the smallest of the three owlets
(III) weighed 48.7 grams. During the first four weeks of postnatal
growth, each owl gained in weight, daily, an average of 33-1/3 grams or
an increase of 11.1 per cent. Owl I gained an average of 36.1 grams each
day, or a daily increase of 10.7 per cent; owl II, 37.8 grams, or 11.2
per cent; and owl III, 26.1 grams, or 11.4 per cent. From the beginning
of the fifth week until the time the young left the nest, the three owls
gained on the average only 12.7 grams or approximately 1.6 per cent in
weight daily. Individually, the daily mean increases were as follows: I,
9.6 grams or 0.93 per cent; II, 12.7 grams or 1.86 per cent; III, 15.8
grams or 1.97 per cent. Prior to the twenty-sixth to twenty-eighth day
of age, there seldom was any loss in weight from day to day, whereas
after this period, approximately one weight in four was less than on the
previous day. These data support the earlier statement that during the
first 3-1/2 or 4 weeks, there is a relatively uniform and rapid increase
in weight whereas after this period weight fluctuates.
Growth as measured by changes in weight in these young Great Horned Owls
parallels growth in some other young birds. For example, nestling
Red-tailed Hawks, as reported upon by Fitch, Swenson, and Tillotson
(1946:215), increase in weight rapidly for about the first three weeks
and then more gradually. Sumner's (1929b) graphs indicate the same
pattern of growth in the Barn and Great Horned owls and Red-tailed and
Cooper hawks. Pigeons, judging from the growth curves for bodily weight
as given by Riddle, Charles, and Cauthen (1932), increase in weight
rapidly until somewhere between the twenty-fourth and thirty-second day
of postnatal development. However, in the Golden Eagle, the early part
of postnatal development is not one of rapid growth, judging from
Sumner's diagram (1929a:164), but after the fourth week there is a rapid
increase in weight. Graphs that Sumner (1929b) gives for Sparrow Hawks,
Long-eared Owls, and Screech Owls, indicate that in these instances also
the increase in weight during the first few days of postnatal
development was not so rapid as it was after the end of the first week.
Stoner (1935) indicates that in the young Barn Swallow, increase in
weight was most rapid between the fourth and tenth days, with the young
remaining at the nest until the twentieth day. Much the same pattern of
weight increase was noted by Stoner (1945) in the Cliff Swallow.
Huggins' (1940:228) sigmoid curve for increase in weight in the House
Wren indicates that the period of rapid growth in this species does not
begin until the second day. Sumner (1934:284) cites other studies which
he believes, for altricial birds, indicate three periods of growth, an
initial period of rather slow gain, a period of maximum increase in
weight, and a final period of fluctuations. As previously indicated, for
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