Botany; Geotropism; Plants -- Irritability and movements
It is possible that some secondary radicles are more sensitive than
others; for Sachs has proved[5] the interesting fact that each
individual secondary radicle possesses its own peculiar constitution.
[4] ‘Arbeiten Bot. Inst., Würzburg,’ Heft iv. 1874, p. 605–617.
[5] ‘Arbeiten Bot. Instit., Würzburg,’ Heft, iv. 1874, p. 620.
Sensitiveness to contact of the Primary Radicle, a little above the
apex, in the Bean (Vicia faba) and Pea (Pisum sativum).—The
sensitiveness of the apex of the radicle in the previously described
cases, and the consequent curvature of the upper part from the touching
object or other source of irritation, is the more remarkable, because
Sachs[6] has shown that pressure at the distance of a few millimeters
above the apex causes the radicle to bend, like a tendril, towards the
touching object. By fixing pins so that they pressed against the
radicles of beans suspended vertically in damp air, we saw this kind of
curvature; but rubbing the part with a twig or needle for a few minutes
produced no effect. Haberlandt remarks,[7] that these radicles in
breaking through the seed-coats often rub and press against the
ruptured edges, and consequently bend round them. As little squares of
the card-like paper affixed with shellac to the tips were highly
efficient in causing the radicles to bend away from them, similar
pieces (of about 1/20th
inch square, or rather less) were attached in the same manner to one
side of the radicle at a distance of 3 or 4 mm. above the apex. In our
first trial on 15 radicles no effect was produced. In a second trial on
the same number, three became abruptly curved (but only one strongly)
towards the card within 24 h. From these cases we may infer that the
pressure from a bit of card affixed with shellac to one side above the
apex, is hardly a sufficient irritant; but that it occasionally causes
the radicle to bend like a tendril towards this side.
[6] Ibid. Heft iii. 1873, p. 437.
[7] ‘Die Schutzeinrichtungen der Keimpflanze,’ 1877, p. 25.
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