Botany; Geotropism; Plants -- Irritability and movements
No. 1. This radicle suffered from a series of accidents, and acted in
an anomalous manner, for the apex appeared at first insensible and
afterwards sensitive to contact. The first square was attached on Oct
19th; on the 21st the radicle was not at all curved, and the square was
accidentally knocked off; it was refixed on the 22nd, and the radicle
became slightly curved from the square, but the curvature disappeared
on the 23rd, when the square was removed and refixed. No curvature
ensued, and the square was again accidentally knocked off, and refixed.
On the morning of the 27th it was washed off by having reached the
water in the bottom of the jar. The square was refixed, and on the
29th, that is, ten days after the first square had been attached, and
two days after the attachment of the last square, the radicle had grown
to the great length of 3.2 inches, and now the terminal growing part
had become bent away from the square into a hook (see Fig. 68).
Fig. 68. Quercus robur: radicle with square of card attached to one
side of apex, causing it to become hooked. Drawing one-half natural
scale.
No. 2. Square attached on the 19th; on the 20th radicle slightly
deflected from it and from the perpendicular; on the 21st deflected at
nearly right angles; it remained during the next two days in this
position, but on the 25th the upward curvature was lessened through the
action of geotropism, and still more so on the 26th.
No. 3. Square attached on the 19th; on the 21st a trace of curvature
from the square, which amounted on the 22nd to about 40°, and on the
23rd to 53° from the perpendicular.
No. 4. Square attached on the 21st; on the 22nd trace of curvature from
the square; on the 23rd completely hooked with the point turned up to
the zenith. Three days afterwards (i.e. 26th) the curvature had wholly
disappeared and the apex pointed perpendicularly downwards.
No. 5. Square attached on the 21st; on the 22nd decided
though slight curvature from the square; on the 23rd the tip had curved
up above the horizon, and on the 24th was hooked with the apex pointing
almost to the zenith, as in Fig. 68.
No. 6. Square attached on the 21st; on the 22nd slightly curved from
the square; 23rd more curved; 25th considerably curved; 27th all
curvature lost, and the radicle was now directed perpendicularly
downwards.
No. 7. Square attached on the 21st; on the 22nd a trace of curvature
from the square, which increased next day, and on the 24th amounted to
a right angle.
It is, therefore, manifest that the apex of the radicle of the oak is
highly sensitive to contact, and retains its sensitiveness during
several days. The movement thus induced was, however, slower than in
any of the previous cases, with the exception of that of Æsculus. As
with the bean, the terminal growing part, after bending, sometimes
straightened itself through the action of geotropism, although the
object still remained attached to the tip.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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