Botany; Geotropism; Plants -- Irritability and movements
In Tribe 5 of Bentham and Hooker, the sleep-movements of species in 12
genera have been observed by ourselves and
others, but only in Robinia with any care. Psoralea acaulis raises its
three leaflets at night; whilst Amorpha fruticosa,[12] Dalea
alopecuroides, and Indigofera tinctoria depress them. Ducharte[13]
states that Tephrosia caribaea is the sole example of “folioles
couchées le long du pétiole et vers la base;” but a similar movement
occurs, as we have already seen, and shall again see in other cases.
Wistaria Sinensis, according to Royer,[14] “abaisse les folioles qui
par une disposition bizarre sont inclinées dans la même feuille, les
supérieures vers
le sommet, les inférieures vers la base du petiole commun;” but the
leaflets on a young plant observed by us in the greenhouse merely sank
vertically downwards at night. The leaflets are raised in Sphaerophysa
salsola, Colutea arborea, and Astragalus uliginosus, but are depressed,
according to Linnæus, in Glycyrrhiza. The leaflets of Robinia
pseudo-acacia likewise sink vertically down at night, but the petioles
rise a little, viz., in one case 3°, and in another 4°. The
circumnutating movements of a terminal leaflet on a rather old leaf
were traced during two days, and were simple. The leaflet fell slowly,
in a slightly zigzag line, from 8 A.M. to 5 P.M., and then more
rapidly; by 7 A.M. on the following morning it had risen to its diurnal
position. There was only one peculiarity in the movement, namely, that
on both days there was a distinct though small oscillation up and down
between 8.30 and 10 A.M., and this would probably have been more
strongly pronounced if the leaf had been younger.
[12] Ducharte, ‘Eléments de Botanique’, 1867, p. 349.
[13] Ibid., p. 347.
[14] ‘Ann. des Sciences Nats. Bot.’ (5th series), ix. 1868.
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