Botany; Geotropism; Plants -- Irritability and movements
Had the above plant been subjected to a higher temperature than 67°–70°
F., the movements of the terminal leaflet would probably have been even
more rapid and wider in extent than those shown in the diagram; for a
plant was kept for some time in the hot-house at from 92°–93° F., and
in the course of 35 m. the apex of a leaflet twice descended and once
ascended, travelling over a space of 1.2 inch in a vertical direction
and of .82 inch in a horizontal direction. Whilst thus moving the
leaflet also rotated on its own axis (and this was a point to which no
attention had been before paid), for the plane of the blade differed by
41° after an interval of only a few minutes. Occasionally the leaflet
stood still for a short time. There was no jerking movement, which is
so characteristic of the little lateral leaflets. A sudden and
considerable fall of temperature causes the terminal leaflet to sink
downwards; thus a cut-off leaf was immersed in water at 95° F., which
was slowly raised to 103° F., and afterwards allowed to sink to 70° F.,
and the sub-petiole of the terminal leaflet then curved downwards. The
water was afterwards
raised to 120° F., and the sub-petiole straightened itself. Similar
experiments with leaves in water were twice repeated, with nearly the
same result. It should be added, that water raised to even 122° F. does
not soon kill a leaf. A plant was placed in darkness at 8.37 A.M., and
at 2 P.M. (i.e. after 5 h. 23 m.), though the leaflets had sunk
considerably, they had by no means acquired their nocturnal vertically
dependent position. Pfeffer, on the other hand, says[16] that this
occurred with him in from 3/4 h. to 2 h.; perhaps the difference in our
results may be due to the plant on which we experimented being a very
young and vigorous seedling.
[16] ‘Die Period. Beweg.,’ p. 39.
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