Botany; Geotropism; Plants -- Irritability and movements
On each of the above days the line representing the great
nocturnal
rise did not coincide with that of the great diurnal fall, so that
narrow ellipses were described, as is the usual rule with
circumnutating organs. The cotyledons are provided with a pulvinus, and
its development will hereafter be described.
Mimosa pudica (Leguminosae).—The cotyledons rise up vertically at
night, so as to close together. Two seedlings were observed in the
greenhouse (temp. 16° to 17° C. or 63° to 65° F.). Their hypocotyls
were secured to sticks, and glass filaments bearing little triangles of
paper were affixed to the cotyledons of both. Their movements were
traced on a vertical glass during 24 h. on November 13th. The pot had
stood for some time in the same position, and they were chiefly
illuminated through the glass-roof. The cotyledons of one of these
seedlings moved downward in the morning till 11.30 A.M., and then rose,
moving rapidly in the evening until they stood vertically, so that in
this case there was simply a single great daily fall and rise. The
other seedling behaved rather differently, for it fell in the morning
until 11.30 A.M., and then rose, but after 12.10 P.M. again fell; and
the great evening rise did not begin until 1.22 P.M. On the following
morning this cotyledon had fallen greatly from its vertical position by
8.15 A.M. Two other seedlings (one seven and the other eight days old)
had been previously observed under unfavourable circumstances, for they
had been brought into a room and placed before a north-east window,
where the temperature was between only 56° and 57° F. They had,
moreover, to be protected from lateral light, and perhaps were not
sufficiently illuminated. Under these circumstances the cotyledons
moved simply downwards from 7 A.M. till 2 P.M., after which hour and
during a large part of the night they continued to rise. Between 7 and
8 A.M. on the following morning they fell again; but on this second and
likewise on the third day the movements became irregular, and between 3
and 10.30 P.M. they circumnutated to a small extent about the same
spot; but they did not rise at night. Nevertheless, on the following
night they rose as usual.
Cytisus fragrans (Leguminosae).—Only a few observations were made on
this plant. The hypocotyl circumnutated to a considerable extent, but
in a simple manner—namely, for two hours in one direction, and then
much more slowly back again in a zigzag course, almost parallel to the
first line, and beyond the starting-point. It moved in the same
direction all night, but next morning began to return. The cotyledons
continually
move both up and down and laterally; but they do not rise up at night
in a conspicuous manner.
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