Clement XI. taking advantage of the circumstances in which the king, the clergy, the government, and the people of France found themselves, published the bull ‘Vineam Domini’ in 1705, the bull ‘Unigenitus’ in 1713.³²⁵ It is well known what an uproar the latter excited the Holy See and the Jesuits had the misfortune to triumph; a defeat had been less injurious to them than such a victory. Clement XI. nevertheless conceived so high an idea of his own power, that he engaged in a long dispute with Victor Amadeus king of Sicily: he re-claimed over the Sicilies the same rights in the 18th century, which had been relinquished by Urban II. a pope of the eleventh, and the almost immediate successor of Hildehrand; he confirmed the excommunications launched by the Sicilian bishops against the magistrates of this country; he abolished by a constitution, in 1715, a tribunal which for six hundred years had exercised the right of deciding sovereignly, within this kingdom, many kinds of ecclesiastical affairs.—But this constitution which attacked a prince, had not the success of the ‘Unigenitug’ which a monarch was pledged to support. Clement died without having humbled Victor Amadeus. ³²⁵ The bull ‘Unigenitus’ is one of those in which the king of France is not designated ‘king of Navarre.’ At the instigation of the Jesuits, Benedict XIII.. in 1729, re-canonized the much celebrated Hildebrand, whom Gregory XIII. and Paul V. had already inscribed in the catalogue of the blessed. The liturgy was enriched by Benedict XIII. with an office to be celebrated the 25th of May each year, in honour of St. Hildebrand or St. Gregory VII. A legend inserted in this office relates the high achievements of this exemplary pontiff: “how he “knew how to oppose with generous and athletic “intrepidity, the impious attempts of the emperor “Henry IV. how, like an impenetrable wall, he de− “fended the house of Israel; how he plunged this “same Henry in the deep abyss of misery; how “he excluded him from the communion of the faith− “ful, dethroned him, proscribed him, and absolved “from their duty towards him the subjects who had “pledged fidelity to him.”