161. Victor III. Didier, sprang from the house of the dukes of Capua, elected the 34th May, 1086, died Sept. 1087 162. Urban II. Otton or Odon, born at Rheims, bishop of Ostia, elected pope 12th March, 1088, died 1099 Excommunication of Philip king of France. First crusade in 1095. Death of the antipope Guihert 1100. TWELFTH CENTURY. 163. Pascal II. Rainier, born at Bleda, in the diocese of Viterbo, elected pope the 13th Aug. 1099, died June 1118 Degradation of the emperor Henry IV.— Quarrels’s of the pope with Henry V. Albert, Theodoric, Maginulfe, antipopes after Guibert. 164. Gelasius II. John of Gaôte, elected pope the 25th Jan. 1118, died at Cloni 29th Jan. 1119 Bourdin or Gregory VIII. antipope 165. Calixtus II. Gui, born at Quingey, of a count of Burgundy, archbishop of Vienne, elected pope the 1. Feb. 1119, died Dec. 1194 End of quarrel about investitures. First council of the Lateran, 9th œcumenical, in 1123 166. Honorius II. Lambert, born at Fagnano, installed the 21st of Dec. 1124, died 14th Feb. 1130 167. Innocent II. Gregorie of the house of the Papi, elected 15th Feb. 1130, died the 24th Sept. 1143 Quarrells with the king of France, Louis the Young, &c. Peter of Leon, antipope under the name of Anaclet, and after him, Gregory or Victor IV. Second council of the Lateran, tenth œcumenical, in 1139. 168. Celestine II. Gui, a Tuscan, elected 26th Sept. 1143, died 9th March 1144 169. Lucius II. Gerard, born at Bologna, installed the 12th March, 1144, died the 25th Feb. 1145 Arnauld of Brescia. 170. Eugenius III. Bernard, born at Pisa, elected 7th of Feb. 1145, died the 7th of July 1153 Crusade of 1147. Decree of Gratian published in 1152. 171. Anastasius IV. Conrade, born at Rome, elected the 9th July 1153, died 2d December, 1154 172. Adrian IV. born at St. Albans in England, elected 3rd Dec. 1154, died 1st September 1159 Disputes with the emperor Frederick Barbarossa 173. Alexander III. Roland, of Sienna, of the house of Bandinclli, elected 7th of Sept. died 30th of Aug. 1181 Octavian or Victor III. Pascal III. Ca− lixtus III. and Innocent III. antipopes. Lombard−league against Frederick Barba− rossa.—Alexandria; Thomas a Becket &c.—3rd Council of the Lateran, 11th oecumenical, in 1179.