The Practical Astronomer: Comprising illustrations of light and colours--practical descriptions of all kinds of telescopes--the use of the equatorial-transit--circular, and other astronomical instruments, a particular account of the Earl of Rosse's large telescopes, and other topics connected with astronomyDick, Thomas
Science
The Practical Astronomer: Comprising illustrations of light and colours--practical descriptions of all kinds of telescopes--the use of the equatorial-transit--circular, and other astronomical instruments, a particular account of the Earl of Rosse's large telescopes, and other topics connected with astronomy
Dick, Thomas
Astronomical instruments; Astronomy; Telescopes
On the above experiment, the following calculation has been founded:
If we impute the motion produced in this experiment to the impulse of
the rays of light, and suppose that the instrument weighed ten grains,
and acquired a velocity of one inch in a second, we shall find that the
quantity of matter contained in the rays falling upon the instrument in
that time amounted to no more than one twelve hundred-millionth part
of a grain, the velocity of light exceeding the velocity of one inch
in a second in the proportion of about 12,000,000,000 to 1. The light
in this experiment was collected from a surface of about three square
feet, which reflecting only about half what falls upon it, the quantity
of matter contained in the rays of the sun incident upon a foot and a
half of surface in one second of time, ought to be no more than the
twelve hundred-millionth part of a grain. But the density of the rays
of light at the surface of the sun is greater than that at the earth
in the proportion of 45,000 to 1; there ought therefore to issue from
one square foot of the sun’s surface in one second of time, in order to
supply the waste by light 1/45,000th part of a grain of matter, that
is, a little more than two grains a day, or about 4,752,000 grains, or
670 pounds avoirdupoise, nearly, in 6,000 years, a quantity which would
have shortened the sun’s diameter no more than about ten feet, if it
were formed of the density of water only.
If the above experiment be considered as having been accurately
performed, and if the calculations founded upon it be correct, it
appears that there can be no grounds for apprehension that the sun can
ever be sensibly diminished by the immense and incessant radiations
proceeding from his body on the supposition that light is a material
emanation. For the diameter of the sun is no less than 880,000 miles;
and, before this diameter could be shortened, by the emission of
light, one English mile, it would require three millions, one hundred
and sixty-eight thousand years, at the rate now stated; and, before
it could be shortened ten miles, it would require a period of above
thirty-one millions of years. And although the sun were thus actually
diminished, it would produce no sensible effect or derangement
throughout the planetary system. We have no reason to believe that
the system, _in its present state and arrangements_, was intended to
endure for ever, and before that luminary could be so far reduced,
during the revolutions of eternity, as to produce any irregularities
in the system, new arrangements and modifications might be introduced
by the hand of the All Wise and Omnipotent Creator. Besides, it is not
improbable that a system of means is established by which the sun and
all the luminaries in the universe receive back again a portion of the
light which they are continually emitting, either from the planets from
whose surfaces it is reflected, or from the millions of stars whose
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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