The Practical Astronomer: Comprising illustrations of light and colours--practical descriptions of all kinds of telescopes--the use of the equatorial-transit--circular, and other astronomical instruments, a particular account of the Earl of Rosse's large telescopes, and other topics connected with astronomyDick, Thomas
Science
The Practical Astronomer: Comprising illustrations of light and colours--practical descriptions of all kinds of telescopes--the use of the equatorial-transit--circular, and other astronomical instruments, a particular account of the Earl of Rosse's large telescopes, and other topics connected with astronomy
Dick, Thomas
Astronomical instruments; Astronomy; Telescopes
The intensity of reflected light is very small, when compared with
that which proceeds directly from luminous bodies. M. Bouguer, a
French philosopher, who made a variety of experiments to ascertain the
proportion of light emitted by the heavenly bodies, concluded from
these experiments, that the light transmitted from the sun to the
earth is at least 300,000 times as great as that which descends to us
from the full moon--and that, of 300,000 rays which the moon receives,
from 170,000 to 200,000 are absorbed. Hence we find that, however
brilliant the moon may appear at night--in the day time she appears as
obscure as a small portion of dusky cloud to which she happens to be
adjacent, and reflects no more light than a portion of whitish cloud of
the same size. And as the full moon fills only the ninety thousandth
part of the sky, it would require at least ninety thousand moons to
produce as much light as we enjoy in the day-time under a cloudy sky.
As the moon and the planets are rendered visible to us only by light
reflected from their surfaces, so it is in the same way that the images
of most of the objects around us are conveyed to our organs of vision.
We behold all the objects which compose an extensive landscape,--the
hills and vales, the woods and lawns, the lakes and rivers, and the
habitations of man--in consequence of the capacity with which they
are endued of sending forth reflected rays to the eye, from every
point of their surfaces and in all directions. In connection with the
reflection of light, the following curious observation may be stated.
Baron Funk, visiting some silver mines in Sweden, observed, that,
‘in a clear day, it was as dark as pitch underground in the eye of a
pit, at sixty or seventy fathoms deep; whereas, in a cloudy or rainy
day, he could see to read even at 106 fathoms deep. Enquiring of the
miners, he was informed that this is always the case; and reflecting
upon it, he imagined it arose from this circumstance, that when the
atmosphere is full of clouds, light is reflected from them into the
pit in all directions, and that thereby a considerable proportion of
the rays are reflected perpendicularly upon the earth: whereas when the
atmosphere is clear, there are no opaque bodies to reflect the light in
this manner, at least in a sufficient quantity; and rays from the sun
himself can never fall perpendicularly in that country.’--The reason
here assigned is, in all probability, the true cause of the phenomenon
now described.
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