In the consideration of postural defects there are a few points that should be particularly emphasized. First, these defects may not only be the result of laziness or carelessness, but of more frequent occurrence is some previous strain or injury to the spinal column or other parts of the body framework. Some defect of position or symmetry of the body may easily follow as a result. Here gymnastic work may reduce the defect to a minimum, but rarely can the compensatory forces of nature entirely obliterate the structural disorder, unless assisted by actual, specific readjustment. Second, in the examination and treatment of the patient due attention should be given the symmetry and figure of the body as a whole so that relation of the part to the whole and _vice versa_ may be rightly proportioned. Remember that the spinal column is only one part of the body outline, thus one should consider the transverse section of the body in relation to the spinal column and not the spinal column alone. In a word, correction of postural defects implies both structural rearrangement and molding of the contour. Do not make the mistake, for example, when correcting a deformity that involves the chest, of paying attention to the spine alone, but take into consideration the thorax as a whole of which the spine is only a part. Round Shoulders =Round Shoulders= are a defective posture with which everyone is familiar. How many children have escaped the parents’ criticism to sit, stand, and walk erect? And not a few of the afflicted have not succeeded after persistently doing their best. Round shoulders or stoop shoulders are commonly attributed to indifference. Probably a few cases are due simply to laziness and indifference, and others may be carelessness, and usually when they arrive at an age where pride of their physical demeanor and powers enters as a life factor, the child soon overcomes the postural weakness. With still others the correct, persistent physical training, as exemplified in military schools, will readjust the defect. But there is a class, and by far the largest, where round shoulders are a very real and active weakness of the physical body. And the weakness is not primarily in the shoulders as nearly everyone thinks. The stoop is a result. The origin is in the lower dorsal spinal column. Here will be found a posterior curvature that involves nearly the entire dorsal and lumbar areas. This is the real, the original cause of the larger number of round shoulders.