“Somatic Reflexes” “In the first series of experiments, the electrodes were placed upon the nasal mucous membrane of animals under anesthesia. The muscles near the third thoracic vertebra were at once strongly contracted.... “The electrodes were then placed upon the conjunctivæ. The muscles near the second vertebra were then contracted. There were also slight and inconstant contractions of the cervical muscles.... “The electrodes were placed upon the eye ball. The muscular contractions were sometimes noted near the second thoracic vertebra, but the reaction was not constant. The cervical muscles were scarcely contracted at all. “The electrodes were placed upon the outer surface of the eye lids. The facial muscles were contracted very quickly and forcibly, but no contraction of the muscles of the upper dorsal region were noted.... “The =superior cervical ganglion= was exposed to view, and the electrodes placed upon it. The pupils became greatly dilated, the conjunctivæ became lighter in color, and the mucous membranes of the nose and throat were also lightened.... “The =Gasserian ganglion= was exposed to view. The ganglion was stimulated directly. The upper thoracic muscles were very strongly contracted, and the blood vessels in the area of the distribution of the fifth nerve were immediately and strongly contracted. Some of the sympathetic fibers are carried by way of the fifth nerve. In order to exclude the effect of the direct stimulation of these fibers, the fifth nerve was cut, and the central end was stimulated by the electrodes. The muscles of the upper thoracic region were contracted, as before. The vessels in the area of distribution of the fifth nerve were contracted after latent period of a minute or so.... “The stimulation of the central end of the cut fifth nerve caused strong muscular contractions in the upper thoracic region, and also constriction of the vessels in the area of distribution of the fifth. Direct stimulation of the superior cervical ganglion produced effects identical with those produced before the mutilation. “The spinal cord was cut above and below the superior cervical ganglion. This cut was made from behind, and the sympathetic chain was uninjured. The effects noted after both operations were the same, and can be described as one. “The stimulation of any cranial structure failed to cause reflex contraction of the muscles in the upper dorsal or the cervical region. “Stimulation of the cranial structures did not produce any vascular changes except those which might be referred to the direct effects of the electricity upon the vessel walls. “Direct stimulation of the =superior cervical ganglion= produced the effects noted before mutilation.