“Therefore the cervical portion of the spinal cord is an essential element of the reflex arc by way of which sensory impulses from the cranial structures are able to affect the condition of the upper dorsal muscles, and also in the path by which these impulses are able to affect the size of the blood vessels of the cranial structures themselves.... “Mechanical stimulation of the tissues near the second thoracic spine was followed by a contraction of the blood vessels of the cranial mucous membranes and the conjunctivæ, by a dilatation of the pupils, and an increased secretion of saliva. These effects were practically invariable.... “The superior cervical ganglion was subjected to mechanical stimulation by the manipulation of the tissues over it. In animals, this maneuver was followed by dilatation of the pupils and by a contraction of the cranial vessels, which was soon followed, if the stimulation continued, by a dilatation which was rather persistent. “After the =extirpation= of the =Gasserian ganglion= without the injury of the sympathetic nerves, the mechanical stimulation of the tissues near the second and third thoracic vertebræ caused the same vaso-constriction and =pupilo-dilation= as was observed in the animal before mutilation. “After the destruction of the cervical portion of the sympathetic chain, and after the extirpation of the Gasserian ganglion in most animals, the mechanical stimulation of the tissues in the upper dorsal region did not produce any perceptible effects.... “Mechanical stimulation of the tissues near the second and third thoracic spines caused dilatation of the pupils and contraction of the vessels of the cranial mucous membranes. “Inhibition, or the maintenance of an artificial lesion, caused dilatation of the vessels of the nasal mucous membranes and of the conjunctivæ. The eye ball was also somewhat congested. The pupils were dilated in this case also.” The Nose and Throat in Eye Trouble An examination of the eye would not be complete without a careful inspection of the =nose and throat=. The same nerve and blood supply that go to the eye is tied up so definitely with the nose and throat that when there are lesions of the nose and throat the eye is often affected secondarily. Just recently a case of =dacryocystitis= came into my office. After I had carefully examined her eye, spine, nose and throat, she informed me that she had been to three eye specialists before and not one of them had ever looked at her nose and throat, not to mention the spine. She had cervical and dorsal lesions, and =diseased tonsils=. The =inferior turbinate= on the side of the dacryocystitis was curled out so that it lay against the external wall of the nose almost if not altogether blocking the entrance of the =lacrymal duct= to the inferior meatus. This was evidently the predisposing cause of her dacryocystitis.