=Etiology.=—Chronic rhinitis is usually a result of an infective rhinitis and has for its cause any one or more of the various causes given above under purulent rhinitis. =Pathology.=—The pathology in chronic rhinitis varies with the cause, but is usually characterized by a series of changes beginning with infection and hyperemia and followed by an actual and usually marked hypertrophy of the interstitial tissue. The posterior ends of the inferior or, less often, the middle turbinates are usually enlarged and extend backward into the pharynx. =The Symptoms= are much the same as in purulent rhinitis, except that the purulent discharge is often not present. These cases usually suffer from chronic head colds, headaches and persistent nasal obstruction. The senses of smell and taste are usually impaired and there is a nasal twang to the voice. =Treatment.=—In these cases, it is common to find osteopathic causes which prevent proper drainage from the head and neck and this is important because, if all the local causes are properly corrected, this is not sufficient to effect a cure. Surgical treatment for the removal of polyps, synechia, adenoids, adhesions, correction of septum, or hypertrophied or cellular middle turbinates is often essential and certainly infected sinuses must be properly drained. We have had cases in which root abscesses seemed to be active causes, but it must not be thought that surgery and surgery alone is likely to cure chronic rhinitis, and I want to caution against the wholesale removal of turbinates for such conditions. The mere fact that the turbinates are enlarged is not sufficient reason for their removal. There has been a cause for this enlargement and turbinotomy or turbinectomy does not remove this cause. Cautery is worse, because it seldom accomplishes more than very temporary results and often leaves the membranes worse than before. Cautery destroys mucous membrane, leaving a dry and easily irritated surface which is often impossible to normalize. The proper surgery, carefully done, followed by efficient osteopathic corrective work and thorough irrigation of the nasopharyngeal tract with the necessary oil spray protection after irrigation, will constitute efficient treatment. Treatment, thorough and long continued, will in due time restore nutrition, drainage and normal reflex nerve control to the tissues. Treatment after surgery is essential.