=Intranasal Treatment.=—Many cases are caused by the retention of secretions under the turbinates and in the superior vault. In all cases, therefore, it is essential to thoroughly free all possible retention cavities by means of a small cotton-wound probe before irrigation. The intranasal membranes are adrenalized and anesthetized and a thorough examination is made using a good reflecting lamp, nasal speculum and cotton tipped probe. Every part of the intranasal region is inspected for sources of purulent discharge, mucus collections, synechia and for hypersensitive areas. The probe is curved at the end and passed under each turbinate and drawn forward and backward with considerable pressure to insure that any collection of foreign matter is thoroughly removed. Every part of the intranasal region should be thoroughly treated in this way. The hiatus semilunaris must be kept well open to permit free antrum drainage and all other sinus openings should be kept free from any obstruction that may block the drainage. This particular technic requires great care and practice, but it is very effective and so commonly we have found that this work thoroughly done will reduce much and in some cases all of the turbinate hypertrophy rendering surgery unnecessary. Atrophic Rhinitis As the term suggests, this disease is just the opposite from hypertrophic rhinitis in that the membranes are shrunken, the nares are wide open and usually the membranes are coated with a mucopurulent discharge, accompanied by a bad odor. It is a chronic disease and progressive in nature. =Etiology.=—Deficient nutrition, systemic or local, or some degenerative infective process constitutes the cause. Some cases may be traced to syphilis, but this is certainly not always the cause. Chronic sinuitis, the cause of which is some virulent infection, is often the cause. Too much or incorrect surgery and cautery is certainly a cause in many cases. =Pathology.=—The marked atrophic appearance, the retracted turbinates, the excessive purulent or mucopurulent foul discharge are characteristic and diagnostic. The tissues underlying the mucous membranes are shrunken, and atrophic and this tissue has usually been replaced, sometimes almost completely, by connective tissue, and thus the blood supply is markedly deficient. =Treatment.=—In chronic cases, those in which the atrophy is well progressed, there is no hope of restoration to normal conditions, but I believe that the progress of practically every case can be stopped and that, in most cases, a permanent cure can be effected under proper treatment. Every possible source of focal infection, such as sinuitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, etc. should receive proper attention promptly. After this has been done and sufficient time allowed for normalization, a blood count may reveal some other source of focal or general infection, which may be reducing the general resistance.