=Delusional Type.=—A third type of Senile Dementia is the paranoid
form. Dements of this type, owing to delusions of persecution and
auditory hallucinations are sensitive and suspicious. Such cases may
sometimes show good orientation, apparently unclouded minds, and
little evidence of senility, requiring careful study to differentiate
the condition from true paranoia. A patient may, on account of
hallucinations of taste and smell, refuse food in the belief that it
is poisoned. Members of his family who are devotedly caring for him
are suspected of designs on his money, and this suspicious attitude
frequently leads to unjust wills. The delusions and suspicions may
be entirely concealed from the family. Wealthy paranoid elements
are peculiarly apt to become the prey of scheming adventuresses,
particularly in case of the above mentioned sexual recrudescence,
and marry them. Opposition of the family is regarded as part of their
general persecution or as due merely to their desire to get the estate.
Some patients merely appear odd, suspicious, untidy, peevish, and
childish. Some have expansive delusions and exhibit the euphoria so
frequently found in syphilitic dements.
=Senile Delirium.=—A fourth type has been described by some
psychiatrists under the title of senile delirium. This may appear as
the initial form of the disease or as an acute attack in one of the
above forms. It is characterized by great incoherence and restlessness,
entire absence of orientation, and numerous rapidly changing delusions
and hallucinations, the condition resembling delirium tremens. It is
probably due to some somatic cause, such as nephritis, pneumonia, or
cystitis, which is often fatal.
Complications may arise in Senile Dementia, such as apoplectic strokes,
hemiplegia, epileptiform seizures and aphasias.
=Prognosis.=—It is evident from the pathology of the conditions that
the prognosis is not at all good when the disease is well advanced. It
is a chronic disease and usually progressive until death, which is due
to one of the complications, malnutrition, or especially pneumonia.
However, many cases have shown improvement, and in incipient stages
recovery. A cure of advanced cases being impossible, the important
consideration is prevention or arrest in its incipiency.
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