By placing the middle finger of either hand on the transverse processes of the atlas when the patient is in the sitting posture, or the thumbs on the transverse processes when the patient is in the dorsal posture and comparing the two sides, undue prominence of one side or the other can easily be noted. Remember the transverse processes of the atlas are slightly above and posterior to the angle of the inferior maxilla. Always, in examining one side of the patient, compare it with the other; it may save considerable embarrassment. One side may seem abnormal when by comparing it with the other side, both sides may be found the same and still be normal. With the fingers still on the transverse processes note the distance between the process and angle of the jaw, besides take into consideration the tenderness of the locality, and, also, what is of essential importance in all interosseous lesions, its articular range of movements. There should be room enough (approximately) to just comfortably wedge the end of a medium sized middle finger between the transverse process of the atlas and the angle of the inferior maxilla when both are normal. Thus with the fingers on the transverse processes an expert will be able to readily determine whether or not an atlas is lateral or anterior. If an atlas is posterior the distance between the angles of the jaw and the transverse process will be increased, besides the atlas will be quite prominent posteriorly. In conjunction with the abnormality of the tissues (prominence or depression of the bone and state of the muscles) the sensitiveness of the locality is extremely significant. Outside of displacements of the atlas, a lesion between the =axis= and =third cervical= is most common; following next in frequency are lesions of the =skull= and =atlas=. By that is meant where all the cervical vertebræ are intact as far as their individual relation is concerned, but the skull is forward, backward or lateral upon the spinal column. This condition occurs quite frequently. To determine its condition the same methods are employed as in diagnosing a deranged atlas; for if the dislocations exist between the atlas and skull the same diagnostic points are presented as far as the skull is concerned as when the atlas, or atlas and axis, are dislocated from the occipital bone or from the axis or third cervical. Following the preceding examinations, additional examination will have to be made to see whether or not the atlas is intact with the vertebræ below. If the atlas is found to be intact with the vertebræ below and lesions are presented between the atlas and the skull, then the disorder must be between the atlas and the skull and nowhere else. Occasionally there are cases where the skull is so far posterior upon the spinal column that the angles of the jaw strike against the transverse processes of the atlas when the jaw is opened widely.