An examination of the =clavicle= should be carefully made. Always
compare the clavicle with its fellow and examine thoroughly its
articulation with the sternum as well as at the acromial prominence.
Often the sternal end of the clavicle is slightly dislocated
posteriorly to the sternum; although it may become completely luxated.
The acromial end may be dislocated upward or downward.
In examining the =sternum= special attention should be given the
articulation of the manubrium and gladiolus. This is due to the
crowding anteriorly of the articulation of the sternal parts. Normally
until well along in adult life there should be some movement here due
to its membranous attachment. Occasionally the ensiform cartilage
is turned inward, producing a tender point, but this rarely occurs.
Also the articulation of the cartilages in the region of the eighth,
ninth, and tenth ribs may be found considerably deranged, causing local
tenderness and even stomach trouble.
=Dorsal= and =Lumbar Spinal Region=.—With the patient sitting on the
table abnormal deviations can be readily noted. There may be lateral
swerves, from muscular weakness, or unilateral tension, involving
the whole spine or less, or a reversal of natural curves, i. e., the
spine depressed anteriorly between the shoulders and posteriorly
in the lumbar making the straight spine. There may be, also, an
exaggerated normal curve in the dorsal region producing a kyphosis with
a compensatory lordosis in the lumbar region sufficiently great to
change its relations with the pelvis. By the method previously given,
now outline the spinal column for lateral and bilateral scoliosis.
These, frequently, are at their incipiency, and to the casual observer
would pass unnoticed. It is well to make an outline of the spine
before beginning treatment, and at times following, that progress
may be observed. A simple method is lead tape which can be had from
any plumber shop and can be molded to the deformity and traced on
paper together with date of examination. H. F. Goetz has perfected
an appliance for outlining and recording these deviations. Observe
well the ligaments, as well as extent of joint movement, under deep
palpation; from irritation they may become thickened and more or less
fill the spaces about the spines and transverse processes, causing a
rigid, smooth spine.
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