The Prairie Traveler: A Hand-book for Overland ExpeditionsMarcy, Randolph B. (Randolph Barnes)
History
The Prairie Traveler: A Hand-book for Overland Expeditions
Marcy, Randolph B. (Randolph Barnes)
Overland journeys to the Pacific; West (U.S.) -- Description and travel
The usual tenement of the prairie tribes, and of the traders, trappers,
and hunters who live among them, is the Comanche lodge, which is made
of eight straight peeled poles about twenty feet long, covered with
hides or cloth. The lodge is pitched by connecting the smaller
extremities of three of the poles with one end of a long line. The
three poles are then raised perpendicularly, and the larger extremities
spread out in a tripod to the circumference of the circle that is to
form the base of the lodge. The other poles are then raised, laid into
the forks of the three first, and spread out equidistant upon the
circle, thus forming the conical framework of the structure. Nine or
ten poles are generally used in one lodge.
[Illustration: COMANCHE LODGE.]
The long line attached to the tripod is then wound several times around
the top, where the poles intersect, and the lower end made fast at the
base of the lodge, thus securing the frame firmly in its position. The
covering, made of buffalo hides, dressed without the hair, and cut and
sewed together to fit the conical frame, is raised with a pole, spread
out around the structure, and united at the edges with sharpened wooden
pegs, leaving sufficient space open at the bottom for a doorway, which
may be closed with a blanket spread out with two small sticks, and
suspended over the opening.
The lower edge of the lodge is made fast to the ground with wooden
pins. The apex is left open, with a triangular wing or flap on each
side, and the windward flap constantly stretched out by means of a pole
inserted into a pocket in the end of it, which causes it to draw like a
sail, and thus occasions a draught from the fire built upon the ground
in the centre of the lodge, and makes it warm and comfortable in the
coldest winter weather. Canvas makes a very good substitute for the
buffalo-skin covering.
SIBLEY TENT.
A tent has been invented by Major H. H. Sibley, of the army, which is
known as the "_Sibley tent_." It is somewhat similar to the Comanche
lodge, but in place of the conical frame-work of poles it has but one
upright standard, resting upon an iron tripod in the centre. The tripod
can be used to suspend cooking utensils over the fire, and, when folded
up, admits the wooden standard between the legs, thereby reducing the
length one half, and making it more convenient for packing and
traveling.
[Illustration: THE SIBLEY TENT.]
This tent constituted the entire shelter of the army in Utah during the
winter of 1857-8, and, notwithstanding the severity of the climate in
the elevated locality of Camp Scott, the troops were quite comfortable,
and pleased with the tent.
In permanent camps the Sibley tent may be so pitched as to give more
room by erecting a tripod upon the outside with three poles high and
stout enough to admit of the tent's being suspended by ropes attached
to the apex. This method dispenses with the necessity of the central
upright standard.
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