We have seen that they can be traced over wide-extended areas. They seem to have invaded Europe, along with the great invasion of animals from Asia, constituting the temperate group of animals; and with those animals they probably shifted back and forth, as the cold of the Glacial Age increased or waned. These people seem to have completely vanished. At a later date, when the cold of the Glacial Age was once more severe, associated with animals now living only in high northern latitudes, came the Cave-men, whose discussion has formed the subject of this chapter. It will be seen how much we owe to patient investigators. The results are, indeed, bewildering. They make us acquainted with a people the very existence of whom was not known a few years back. Though the whole life of those ancient races seemed hopelessly lost in the night of time, the gloom is irradiated by the light of modern science, which lays before our astonished vision the remains of arts and industries of the primitive tribes that occupied Europe during the morning-time of human life. The Mammoth. REFERENCES The manuscript of this chapter was submitted to Prof. B. B. Wright, of Overlain, for criticism. On the formation of caves consult Geikie’s “Prehistoric Europe,” p. 71; also Evans’s “Ancient Stone Implements,” p. 429. Evans’s “Ancient Stone Implements,” p. 445. Pronounced Bret’-chá, a rock composed of fragments of older rock, united by a cement. Geikie’s “Prehistoric Europe,” p. 92. Pengelly, quoted by Geikie, “Prehistoric Europe,” p. 93. Evans’s “Ancient Stone Implements,” p. 462. Evans’s “Ancient Stone Implement,” p. 463. Geikie’s “Prehistoric Europe,” p. 102. Mr. Dawkins (“Early Man in Britain,” p. 203) does not consider M. Dupont justified in dividing the remains found in the caverns of Belgium into two epochs. He considers them to be the remains of the same people, some tribes being, perhaps, farther advanced than others. Mr. Dawkins is, of course, high authority, but we think his argument could also be applied to prove there was no real difference between the men of the River Drift and the so-called Cave-men. This, in fact, is the opinion of many, including Mr. Evans, who is exceptionally well qualified to judge of these remains. We think, however, in view of the evidence adduced by Mr. Pengelly, Mr. Geikie, Mr. Dawkins, and others, few will venture to doubt that there is a wide difference between the men of the River Drift and those of the Caves. “Prehistoric Times,” p. 330. “Early Man in Britain,” p. 198.