The Preparation of Illustrations for Reports of the United States Geological Survey: With Brief Descriptions of Processes of ReproductionRidgway, John L.
Science
The Preparation of Illustrations for Reports of the United States Geological Survey: With Brief Descriptions of Processes of Reproduction
Ridgway, John L.
Illustration of books
For maps that show several features in different colors sheets rubbed
with blue, orange, brown, or green pencils may be used, one after
another, for tracing each set of the features. Red should not be used,
as it is not easily erased. This method insures distinctive lines for
the separate features and prevents the confusion that might result
from the use of one color only. Exact register of the features shown
in the several colors used may be insured by fastening one edge of the
drawing to be copied to the drawing paper by mucilage or thumb tacks.
The colored sheets may then be slipped in and out without altering the
position of the lines or symbols for one set of data with relation to
those for the others.
In the final preparation of a base map to be engraved and printed in
colors--for example, black, blue, and brown--tracings of the three
colors appearing on the original base should generally be transferred,
as described above, to one sheet of paper and thus worked up into a
three-colored map. It is usually unnecessary and undesirable to draw
each color on a separate sheet. The preparation of separate drawings
may facilitate reproduction, but if they are made on tracing cloth the
usual uneven shrinking or stretching of the cloth may produce
misregister in the printing; therefore it is safer to make a single
drawing, so that the photolithographer can make three negatives and
separate the colors by painting out or "opaquing" the colors not
wanted on each negative. A map drawn on a single sheet is also less
bulky and can therefore be more conveniently handled and compared with
proof.
If for any reason separate tracings for the different colors to be
used on a map are considered desirable they should be made on linen
cut from one roll and in the same direction according to the warp and
woof.
CELLULOID TRANSFERRING.
In the celluloid method of transferring a map or parts of a map to
paper upon which a complete new map is to be drawn the map or part of
the map to be copied is photographed to the exact scale of the new
drawing and reproduced in graphite on thin sheets of celluloid.
The celluloid sheet is then laid face down in the correct position on
the drawing paper and firmly rubbed on the back with a steel
burnisher, which makes a perfect offset of the map on the paper. After
the parts desired are inked over the rest of the graphite print is
easily erased with an ordinary rubber.
By using this method it is possible to get absolute scale and more
satisfactory results than by tracing over a photographic print line
for line or by using a pantograph.
Requisitions for celluloid prints are made on the form used for
requesting photolithographic work.
SKETCHING BY RETICULATION.
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