The Press-Gang Afloat and AshoreHutchinson, J. R. (John Robert)
History
The Press-Gang Afloat and Ashore
Hutchinson, J. R. (John Robert)
Great Britain -- History, Naval; Impressment
Any attempt at estimating the number of seafaring men who evaded the
gangs and the call of the State by means of the devices and subterfuges
here roughly sketched into the broad canvas of our picture would prove a
task as profitless as it is impossible of accomplishment. One thing only
is certain. The number fluctuated greatly from time to time with the
activity or inactivity of the gangs. When the press was lax, there arose
no question as there existed no need of escape; when it was hot, it was
evaded systematically and with a degree of success extremely gratifying
to the sailor. Taking the sea-borne coal trade of the port of London
alone, it is estimated that in the single month of September 1770, at
a time when an exceptionally severe press from protections was in full
swing, not less than three thousand collier seamen got ashore between
Yarmouth Roads and Foulness Point. As the coal trade was only one of
many, and as the stretch of coast concerned comprised but a few miles
out of hundreds equally well if not better adapted to the sailor's
furtive habits, the total of escapes must have been little short of
enormous. It could not have been otherwise. In this grand battue of the
sea it was clearly impossible to round-up and capture every skittish son
of Neptune.
On shore, as at sea, the sailor's course, when the gang was on his
track, followed the lines of least resistance, only here he became a
skulk as well as a fugitive. It was not that he was a less stout-hearted
fellow than when at sea. He was merely the victim of a type of land
neurosis. Drink and his recent escape from the gang got on his nerves
and rendered him singularly liable to panic. The faintest hint of a
press was enough to make his hair rise. At the first alarm he scuttled
into hiding in the towns, or broke cover like a frightened hare.
The great press of 1755 affords many instances of such panic flights.
Abounding in "lurking holes" where a man might lie perdue in comparative
safety, King's Lynn nevertheless emptied itself of seamen in a few
hours' time, and when the gang hurried to Wells by water, intending to
intercept the fugitives there, the "idle fishermen on shore" sounded a
fresh alarm and again they stampeded, going off to the eastward in great
numbers and burying themselves in the thickly wooded dells and hills of
that bit of Devon in Norfolk which lies between Clay-next-the-Sea and
Sheringham. [Footnote: _Admiralty Records_ 1. 1486--Capt. Baird, 29
March and 21 April 1755.]
A similar exodus occurred at Ipswich. The day the warrants came down, as
for many days previous, the ancient borough was full of seamen; but no
sooner did it become known that the press was out than they vanished
like the dew of the morning. For weeks the face of but one sailor was
seen in the town, and he was only ferreted out, with the assistance of a
dozen constables, after prolonged and none too legal search. [Footnote:
_Admiralty Records_ 1. 1486--Capt. Brand, 26 Feb. 1755.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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