The Press-Gang Afloat and AshoreHutchinson, J. R. (John Robert)
History
The Press-Gang Afloat and Ashore
Hutchinson, J. R. (John Robert)
Great Britain -- History, Naval; Impressment
First of all, on its extreme outer confines, perhaps as far down Channel
as the Scillies, or as far north as the thirteen-mile stretch of sea
running between the Mull of Kintyre and the Irish coast, where the trade
for Liverpool, Whitehaven, Dublin and the Clyde commonly came in, the
homing sailor would suddenly descry, bearing down upon him under press
of sail, the trim figure of one of His Majesty's frigates, or the clean,
swift lines of an armed sloop. The meeting was no chance one. Both
the frigate and the sloop were there by design, the former cruising
to complete her own complement, the latter to complete that of some
ship-of-the-line at Plymouth, Spithead or the Nore, to which she stood
in the relation of tender.
Tenders were vessels taken into the king's service "at the time of
Impressing Seamen." Hired at certain rates per month, they continued in
the service as long as they were required, often most unwillingly, and
were principally employed in obtaining men for the king's ships or in
matters relative thereto. In burden they varied from thirty or forty to
one hundred tons, [Footnote: This was the maximum tonnage for which the
Navy Board paid, but when trade was slack larger vessels could be had,
and were as a matter of fact frequently employed, at the nominal tonnage
rate.] the smaller craft hugging the coast and dropping in from port
to port, the larger cruising far beyond shore limits. For deep-sea or
trade-route cruising the smaller craft were of little use. No ship of
force would bring-to for them.
While press-warrants were supplied regularly to every warship, no matter
what her rating, the supply of tenders was less general and much more
erratic. It was only when occasion demanded it, and then only to ships
of the first, second and third rate, that tenders were assigned for the
purpose of bringing their crews up to full strength. The urgency of
the occasion, the men to be "rose," the diplomacy of the commander
determined the number. A tender to each ship was the rule, but however
parsimonious the Navy Board might be on such occasions, a carefully
worded appeal to its prejudices seldom failed to produce a second,
or even a third attendant vessel. Boscawen once had recourse to this
ingenious ruse in order to obtain tender number two. The Navy Board
detested straggling seamen, so he suggested that, with several tenders
lying idle in the Thames, his men might be far more profitably employed
than in straggling about town. "Most reprehensible practice!" assented
the Board, and placed a second vessel at his disposal without more ado.
Lieut. Upton was immediately put in charge of her and ordered seawards.
He returned within a week with twenty-seven men, pressed out of
merchantmen in Margate Roads. [Footnote: _Admiralty Records_ 1.
1478--Letters of Capt. Boscawen, July and August 1743.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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