Take the occupation in which I am engaged, journalism. It presents a
great field--a growing field; in fact, there are few fields so large.
The journalist is both a news gatherer and a molder of thought. He
informs his readers as to what is going on, and he points out the
relation between cause and effect--interprets current history. Public
opinion is the controlling force in a republic, and the newspaper
gives to the journalist, beyond every one else, the opportunity to
affect public opinion. Others reach the readers of a newspaper
through the courtesy of the owner of the paper, but he has full
access to his own columns, and does not fear the blue pencil. The
journalist occupies the position of a watchman upon a tower. He is
often able to see dangers which are not observed by the general
public, and because he can see these dangers he is in a position of
greater responsibility. Is he discharging the duty which superior
opportunity imposes upon him? I might mention a number of temptations
which come to the journalist, but I shall content myself with a few.
First, there is the temptation to conceal the name of the real owner
of the paper. The proprietor of a paper should be known, but his
identity is not always disclosed. The corporate entity which plays so
large a part in the business world has entered the newspaper field.
The names of the stockholders are not published and we do not always
know what individuality directs the paper's policy. Year by year the
disclosures are bringing to light the fact that the predatory
interests are using the newspapers and even some magazines for the
defense of commercial iniquity and for the purpose of attacking those
who lift their voices against favoritism and privilege. A financial
magnate interested in the exploitation of the public secures control
of a paper; he employs business managers, managing editors, and a
reportorial staff. He does not act openly or in the daylight but
through a group of employes who are the visible but not the real
directors. The reporters are instructed to bring in the kind of news
which will advance the enterprises owned by the man who stands
back of the paper, and if the news brought in is not entirely
satisfactory it is doctored in the office. The columns of the paper
are filled with matter, written not for the purpose of presenting
facts as they exist, but for the purpose of distorting facts and
misleading the public. The editorial writers, whose names are
generally unknown to the public, are told what to say and what
subjects to avoid. They are instructed to extol the merits of those
who are subservient to the interests represented by the paper, and to
misrepresent and traduce those who dare to criticize or oppose the
plans of those who hide behind the paper. Such journalists are
members of a kind of "Blackhand society"; they are assassins, hiding
in ambush and striking in the dark; and the worst of it is that the
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