[Footnote 32: See Second-growth Ash.] SHAGBARK HICKORY, SHELLBARK HICKORY. _Hicoria ovata Mill._ _Carya alba Nutt._ Nomenclature. (Sudworth.) Shellbark or Shellbark Hickory (local and common name). Scalybark Hickory (W. Va., S. C., Ala.). Shellbark (R. I., N. Y., Pa., N. C.). Shagbark (R. I., Ohio). Hickory (Vt., Ohio). Upland Hickory (Ill.). White Hickory (Ia., Ark.). Walnut (Vt., N. Y.). Sweet Walnut (Vt.). Shagbark Walnut (Vt.). Locality. Maine to Florida, westward intermittently to Minnesota and Texas. Wide range, best in Ohio valley. Features of Tree. Seventy-five to ninety feet in height, occasionally higher; two and one-half to three feet in diameter. Shaggy bark, thin-shelled edible nuts. Color, Appearance, or Grain of Wood. Heartwood light brown, sapwood ivory- or cream-colored. Close-grained, compact structure. Annual rings clearly marked. Medullary rays numerous but thin. Structural Qualities of Wood. Very heavy, very hard, strong, exceptionally tough and flexible, not durable when exposed. Representative Uses of Wood. Largely used for agricultural implements, wheels, and runners, axe-handles, baskets, fuel. Weight of Seasoned Wood in Pounds per Cubic Foot. 51 (U. S. Forestry Div.).[33] 52. Modulus of Elasticity. 2,390,000 (average of 137 tests by U. S. Forestry Div.).[33] 1,900,000. Modulus of Rupture. 16,000 (average of 137 tests by U. S. Forestry Div.).[33] 17,000. Remarks. The nuts form an important article of commerce. "Shagbark" refers to the shaggy appearance of the bark. [p053] FOOTNOTE [Footnote 33: See page 6.] PIGNUT (HICKORY). _Hicoria glabra Mill._ _Carya porcina Nutt._ Nomenclature. (Sudworth.) Pignut (local and common name). Black Hickory (Miss., La., Ark., Mo., Ind., Ia.). Brown Hickory (Del., Miss., Tex., Tenn., Minn.). Bitternut (Ark., Ill., Ia., Wis.). White Hickory (N. H., Ia.). Broom Hickory (Mo.). Hardshell (W. Va.). Red Hickory (Del.). Switchbud Hickory (Ala.). Locality. Ontario to Florida, westward intermittently to southern Nebraska and eastern Texas. Features of Tree. Seventy-five to one hundred feet in height, occasionally higher; Two to four feet in diameter. Rather smooth bark. Large thick-shelled nuts, kernels often astringent or bitter. Color, Appearance, or Grain of Wood. Heartwood light and dark brown, thick sapwood, lighter, nearly white. Close-grained. Structural Qualities of Wood. Heavy, hard, flexible, tough, strong. Representative Uses of Wood. Similar to those of shagbark hickory. Weight of Seasoned Wood in Pounds per Cubic Foot. 56 (U. S. Forestry Div.).[34] 51. Modulus of Elasticity. 2,730,000 (average of 30 tests by U. S. Forestry Div.).[34] 1,460,000. Modulus of Rupture. 18,700 (average of 30 tests by U. S. Forestry Div.).[34] 14,800. Remarks. Nuts are devoured by pigs, whence the name _porcina_. [p054] FOOTNOTE [Footnote 34: See page 6.]