MOCKER NUT (HICKORY). _Hicoria alba Linn._ _Carya tomentosa Nutt._ Nomenclature. (Sudworth.) Mocker Nut, Whiteheart Hickory (local and common names). Bullnut (N. Y., Fla., Miss., Tex., Mo., Ohio., Ill., Minn.). Black Hickory (Tex., Miss., La., Mo.). Hickory (Ala., Tex., Pa., S. C., Neb.). Big-bud, Red Hickory (Fla.). Common Hickory (N. C.). White Hickory (Pa., S. C.). Hickory Nut (Ky., W. Va.). Hog Nut (Del.). Hard bark Hickory (Ill.). Locality. Ontario to Florida, westward intermittently to Missouri and Texas. Wide range. Features of Tree. Seventy-five to one hundred feet in height, two and one-half to three and one-half feet in diameter. A tall slender tree with rough, but not shaggy, bark. Thick shell, edible nut. Color, Appearance, or Grain of Wood. Heartwood rich dark brown, thick sapwood nearly white, close-grained. Structural Qualities of Wood. Very heavy, hard, tough, strong, and flexible. Representative Uses of Wood. Similar to those of shellbark hickory. Weight of Seasoned Wood in Pounds per Cubic Foot. 53 (U. S. Forestry Div.).[35] 51. Modulus of Elasticity. 2,320,000 (average of 75 tests by U. S. Forestry Div.).[35] 1,630,000. Modulus of Rupture. 15,200 (average of 75 tests by U. S. Forestry Div.).[35] 16,000. Remarks. The most generally distributed species of the genus in the South. Mocker nut or moker nut is said (Britton) to be from a Dutch word meaning hammer, or else (Keeler) from disappointing quality of nuts. [p055] FOOTNOTE [Footnote 35: See page 6.] PECAN, (HICKORY). _Hicoria pecan Marsh._ _Carya olivæformis Nutt._ Nomenclature. (Sudworth.) Pecan (local and common name). Pecan Nut, Pecan-tree, Pecanier (La.). Locality. Valley of Mississippi, southward to Louisiana, Texas, and Mexico. Features of Tree. Ninety to one hundred feet in height, sometimes higher. Two and one-half to five feet in diameter. A tall tree, smooth-shelled oblong edible nuts. Color, Appearance, or Grain of Wood. Heartwood light brown, tinged with red, sapwood lighter brown. Close-grained and compact, medullary rays numerous but thin. Structural Qualities of Wood. Heavy, hard, not strong, brittle. Representative Uses of Wood. Fuel, seldom used in construction. Weight of Seasoned Wood in Pounds per Cubic Foot. 49 (U. S. Forestry Div.).[36] 44. Modulus of Elasticity. 2,530,000 (average of 37 tests by U. S. Forestry Div.).[36] 940,000. Modulus of Rupture. 15,300 (average of 37 tests by U. S. Forestry Div.).[36] 8,200. Remarks. Grows on borders of streams in low rich soil. Largest and most important tree of western Texas. The sweet edible nuts form an important article of commerce. [p056] FOOTNOTE [Footnote 36: See page 6.] CHESTNUT, CHINQUAPIN. (_Castanea_.)