BEECH, IRONWOOD (Fagus) (Carpinus, Ostrya, etc.). Section 11. Distribution. Early Uses of Beech. Structural and Physical Properties of Woods. Uses. Enumeration of Species Affording "Ironwood." 60 _a._ Beech (Fagus atropunicea) 62 _b._ Ironwood, Blue Beech (Carpinus caroliniana) 63 _c._ Ironwood, Hop Hornbeam (Ostrya virginiana) 64 SYCAMORE (Platanus). Section 12. Confusion of Names. Historical, Structural and Physical Properties of Wood. Uses. Botanical Characteristics of Trees, etc. 65 _a._ Sycamore, Buttonball (Platanus occidentalis) 66 _b._ California Sycamore (Platanus racemosa) 67 BIRCH (Betula). Section 13. Distribution. History and Uses of Bark. Structural and Physical Properties of Wood. Uses of Wood. Commercial Divisions of Wood. Botanical Characteristics of Trees, etc. 68 _a._ White Birch (Betula populifolia) 70 _b._ Paper Birch (Betula papyrifera) 71 _c._ Red Birch (Betula nigra) 72 _d._ Yellow Birch (Betula lutea) 73 _e._ Sweet, Cherry Birch. (Betula lenta) 74 LOCUST; MESQUITE (Robinia, Gleditsia, Prosopis). Section 14. Confusion of Names. Structural and Physical Properties of Wood. Uses. Structural Value of Black Locust. Durability and Peculiarities of Mesquite. Botanical Characteristics of Trees, etc. 75 _a._ Black Locust, Yellow Locust (Robinia pseudacacia) 77 _b._ Honey Locust (Gleditsia triacanthos) 78 _c._ Mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) 79 WHITEWOOD OR TULIP-TREE WOOD; POPLAR OR COTTONWOOD; CUCUMBER-TREE WOOD; BASSWOOD (Liriodendron), (Populus), (Magnolia), (Tilia). Section 15. Structural Relations. Peculiarities and Uses of Wood. Confusion of Names. Botanical Characteristics of Trees, etc. 80 _a._ Whitewood, Tulip-tree or Yellow Poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) 82 _b._ Poplar, Large Tooth Aspen (Populus grandidentata) 83 _c._ Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) 84 _d._ Black Cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) 85 _e._ Cucumber-tree (Magnolia acuminata) 86 _f._ Basswood, Linden (Tilia americana) 87 WILLOW (Salix). Section 16. Distribution. Historical. Properties and Uses of Wood. Botanical Characteristics of Trees, etc. 88
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