We remark here that _e__{_x_} - _qm__{_y_}, _e__{_y_} + _qm__{_x_} are
components of the vector _e_ + [_vm_], where _v_ is a vector in the
direction of the positive Z-axis, and | _v_ | = _q_, and [_vm_] is the
vector product of _v_ and _m_; similarly -_qe__{_x_} + _m__{_y_},
_m__{_x_} + _qe__{_y_} are the components of the vector _m_ - [_ve_].
The equations 6) and 7), as they stand in pairs, can be expressed as.
_e′__{_x′_} + _im′__{_x′_} = (_e__{_x_} + _im__{_x_}) cos _i_ψ +
(_e__{_y_} + _im__{_y_}) sin _i_ψ,
_e′__{_y′_} + _im′__{_y′_} = - (_e__{_x_} + _im__{_x_}) sin _i_ψ +
(_e__{_y_} + _im__{_y_}) cos _i_ψ,
_e′__{_z′_} + _im′__{_z′_} = _e′__{_z_} + _im__{_z_}.
If φ denotes any other real angle, we can form the following
combinations:—
(_e′__{_x′_} + _im′__{_x′_}) cos. φ + (_e′__{_y″_} + _im′__{_y′_})
sin φ
= (_e__{_x_} + _im__{_x_}) cos. (φ + _i_ψ) + (_e__{_y_} +
_im__{_y_}) sin (φ + _i_ψ),
= (_e′__{_x′_} + _im′__{_x′_}) sin φ + (_e′__{_y′_} +
_im′__{_y′_}) cos. φ
= - (_e__{_x_} + _im__{_x_}) sin (φ + _i_ψ) + (_e__{_y_} +
_im__{_y_}) cos. (φ + _i_ψ).
§ 4. Special Lorentz Transformation.
The rôle which is played by the Z-axis in the transformation (4) can
easily be transferred to any other axis when the system of axes are
subjected to a transformation about this last axis. So we came to a more
general law:—
Let _v_ be a vector with the components _v__{_x_}, _v__{_y_}, _v__{_z_},
and let | _v_ | = _q_ < 1. By _ṽ_ we shall denote any vector which is
perpendicular to _v_, and by _r__{_v_}, _r__{_ṽ_} we shall denote
components of _r_ in direction of _ṽ_ and _v_.
Instead of (_x_, _y_, _z_, _t_), new magnetudes (_x′_ _y′_ _z′_ _t′_)
will be introduced in the following way. If for the sake of shortness,
_r_ is written for the vector with the components (_x_, _y_, _z_) in the
first system of reference, _r′_ for the same vector with the components
(_x′_ _y′_ _z′_) in the second system of reference, then for the
direction of _v_, we have
(10) _r′__{_v_} = (_r__{_v_} - _qt_)/√(1 - _q²_)
and for the perpendicular direction _ṽ_,
(11) _r′__{_ṽ_} = _r__{_ṽ_}
and further (12) _t′_ = (-_qr__{_v_} + _t_)/√(1 - _q²_).
The notations (_r′__{_ṽ_}, _r′__{_v_}) are to be understood in the sense
that with the directions _v_, and every direction _ṽ_ perpendicular to
_v_ in the system (_x_, _y_, _z_) are always associated the directions
with the same direction cosines in the system (_x′_ _y′_ _z′_).
A transformation which is accomplished by means of (10), (11), (12)
with the condition 0 < _q_ < 1 will be called a special
Lorentz-transformation. We shall call _v_ the vector, the direction of
_v_ the axis, and the magnitude of _v_ the moment of this
transformation.
If further ρ′ and the vectors _u′_, _e′_, _m′_, in the system (_x′_ _y′_
_z′_) are so defined that,
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