1. B. The best example of anemia which depends upon diminution of the hemoglobin content of the red cells is that known as _chlorosis_. In this there are few recognizable signs of destruction of corpuscles, even under chemical microscopic examination; consequently the blood picture is very simple. The color index is very low, yet similar conditions may also be seen in syphilis, tuberculosis, and cancer. The underlying feature of all of these cases is malnutrition. Within a few years a peculiar form of intense anemia has been described by Banti and others, and is often spoken of as _splenic anemia_ or _Banti’s disease_. It is characterized by three stages: first, of splenic enlargement and anemia; second, a transitional stage; third, a stage of ascites which increases up to death. It is quite closely allied to Hanot’s hypertrophic cirrhosis of the liver. It is quite generally regarded as an example of an infection by some as yet unknown organism. It is of interest to the surgeon because if the spleen is removed early there are fair prospects of recovery. 2. A. _Anemias with marked leukocytosis_ include especially those first spoken of by Virchow as _leukemia_. Originally he applied the term to a particular alteration of the blood, but it is now made to cover a group of diseases, all of which are characterized by peculiar and more or less similar increase of white corpuscles. Sometimes these are increased to such an extent as to make the blood grossly resemble a mixture of blood and pus. This resemblance led some of the earlier observers to speak of the condition as “suppuration of the blood.” The number of leukocytes is sometimes enormously increased; 1 to 10 of the red cells is quite common and 1 to 5 not exceedingly rare. Cases have been known in which the white cells outnumbered the red. In well-marked cases of leukemia, the red cells will be somewhat diminished, while the white will number from 100,000 to 500,000 per cubic millimeter. Accompanying this change in the blood there are alterations in the spleen, the lymph nodes, and the bone-marrow, sometimes one predominating, sometimes another. It has been customary in fact to speak of splenic, lymphatic, and medullary leukemia, but these forms are not sharply differentiated and a pure type of either form is rare. In this country we speak mainly of _lymphatic_ and _splenomedullary_ forms, the latter being much more common. The latter is accompanied by enlargement of the spleen, while in the lymphatic form the lymph nodes are involved and may become as large as walnuts. In the lymphatic form over 90 per cent. belong to C and D; in the splenomedullary or splenomyelogenous form the increase of F and G is most marked, while A will be reduced to 50 per cent. and D to about 10 per cent. The red corpuscles are decreased in number, but not necessarily in an inverse ratio; their number may be reduced even to 2,000,000 in extreme cases.