The Principles of Biology, Volume 1 (of 2)Spencer, Herbert
Science
The Principles of Biology, Volume 1 (of 2)
Spencer, Herbert
Biology
At the bottom of the table I have placed together, under the name "Compound
_Protozoa_," those kinds of aggregated _Protozoa_ which show no
differentiations among the members of groups, and are thus distinguished
from _Metazoa_; and I have further marked the distinction by their
position, which implies that from them no evolution of higher types has
taken place. Respecting the naming of the sub-kingdoms, phyla, classes,
orders, &c., I have not maintained entire consistency. The relative values
of groups cannot be typographically expressed in a small space with a
limited variety of letters. The sizes of the letters mark the
classificatory ranks, and by the thickness I have rudely indicated their
zoological importance. In fixing the order of subordination of groups I
have been aided by the table of contents prefixed to Mr. Adam Sedgwick's
_Student's Text Book of Zoology_ and have also made use of Prof. Ray
Lankester's classifications of several sub-kingdoms.
_Placental_-----+
| _Aves_
_Mammalia_----+ | _Arachnida_
| | |
_Implacental_---+ | _Insecta_ | _Crustacea_
| | | | |
VERTEBRATA | | | | |
| | | | |
_Reptilia_ _Chilopoda_
| |
_Amphibia_ ARTHROPODA |
| |
| _Diplopoda_
_Pisces_ |
| _Chætopoda_
_Cephalochorda_ | |
CHORDATA ANNELIDA
_Urochorda_ | | _Echiuroidea_
_(Tunicata)_ | | _Hirudinea_
+---------+ _Archiannelida_
| |
BRACHIOPODA | | ROTIFERA
_Dibranchiata_ | | | |
_Cephalopoda_ | | +----+
_Tetrabranchiata_ | | | _Crinoidea_
MOLLUSCA ---------------+ | | | +------ ECHINODERMATA
_Scaphopoda_ | | | | | _Asteroidea_
_Solenogastres_ | | | | | _Echinoidea_
_Gasteropoda_ | | | | | _Holothuroidea_
_Lammellibranchiata_----+ | | | | _Enteropneusta_
| | | | |
| | | | | _Acanthocephala_
POLYZOA --------------------+ | | | | | +--- NEMATHELMINTHES
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