The Principles of Chemistry, Volume IIMendeleyev, Dmitry Ivanovich
Science
The Principles of Chemistry, Volume II
Mendeleyev, Dmitry Ivanovich
Argon; Chemistry; Periodic law
because the hydrofluoric acid formed dissolves the other part of the
silica[9] and forms the so-called _hydrofluosilicic acid_: H_{2}SiF_{6} =
SiF_{4} + 2HF = SiH_{2}O_{3} + 6HF - 3H_{2}O. That is to say, a
metasilicic acid, SiH_{2}O_{3}, in which O_{3} is replaced by F_{6}. This
view of the composition of hydrofluosilicic acid may be admitted, because
it forms a whole series of crystallisable and well defined salts. In
general, the whole reaction of water on silicon fluoride may be expressed
by the equation: 3SiF_{4} + 3H_{2}O = SiO(OH)_{2} + 2SiH_{2}F_{6}.
Hydrofluosilicic acid and silicic acid resemble each other as much, and
differ as much, in their chemical character as water and hydrofluoric
acid. For this reason silicic acid is a feebler acid than
hydrofluosilicic acid, and in addition to this the former is insoluble,
and the latter soluble, in water.[10] Hydrofluosilicic acid is also
formed if silicic acid be dissolved in a solution of hydrofluoric acid.
It is incapable of volatilising without decomposition, and on heating the
concentrated acid silicon fluoride is evolved, leaving an aqueous
solution of hydrofluoric acid. This is the reason why solutions of
hydrofluosilicic acid corrode glass. This decomposition may be further
accelerated by the addition of sulphuric acid, or even of other acids.
Hydrofluosilicic acid, when acting on potassium and barium salts, gives
precipitates, because the salts of these metals are but sparingly soluble
in water: thus 2KX + H_{2}SiF_{6} = 2HX + K_{2}SiF_{6}. The potassium
salt is obtained in the form of very fine octahedra, but the precipitate
does not form quickly, and at first appears as a jelly. Nevertheless, the
decomposition is complete, and it is taken advantage of for obtaining
their corresponding acids from salts of potassium.[10 bis]
[8] This property of calcium fluoride of converting silica into a gas
and a vitreous fusible slag of calcium silicate is frequently taken
advantage of in the laboratory and in practice in order to remove
silica. The same reaction is employed for preparing silicon
fluoride on a large scale in the manufacture of hydrofluosilicic
acid (see sequel).
[9] The amount of heat developed by the solution of silicic acid,
SiO_{2}_n_H_{2}O, in aqueous hydrofluoric acid, _x_HF_n_H_{2}O,
increases with the magnitude of _x_ and normally equals _x_5,600
heat units, where _x_ varies between 1 and 8. However, when _x_ =
10 the maximum amount of heat is developed (= 49,500 units), and
beyond that the amount decreases (Thomsen).
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