The Principles of Chemistry, Volume IIMendeleyev, Dmitry Ivanovich
Science
The Principles of Chemistry, Volume II
Mendeleyev, Dmitry Ivanovich
Argon; Chemistry; Periodic law
[35] According to Mitscherlich's determination, the vapour density of
arsenious anhydride is 199 (H = 1)--that is, it answers to the
molecular formula As_{4}O_{6}. Probably this is connected with the
fact that the molecule of free arsenic contains As_{4}. V. Meyer
and Biltz, however, showed (1889) that at a temperature of about
1,700° the vapour density of arsenic corresponds with the molecule
As_{2}, and not As_{4}, as at lower temperatures.
[36] Arsenious anhydride is obtained in an amorphous form after
prolonged heating at a temperature near to that at which it
volatilises, or, better still, by heating it in a closed vessel.
It then fuses to a colourless liquid, which on cooling forms a
transparent vitreous mass, whose specific gravity is only slightly
less than that of the crystalline anhydride. On cooling, this
vitreous mass undergoes an internal change, in which it
crystallises and becomes opaque, and acquires the appearance of
porcelain. The following difference between the vitreous and
opaque varieties is very remarkable: when the vitreous variety is
dissolved in strong and hot hydrochloric acid it gives crystals of
the anhydride on cooling, and this crystallisation _is accompanied
by the emission of light_ (which is visible in the dark), and the
entire liquid glows as the crystals begin to separate. The opaque
variety does not emit light when the crystals separate from its
hydrochloric acid solution. It is also remarkable that the
vitreous variety passes into the opaque form when it is
pounded--that is, under the action of a series of blows. Thus,
several varieties of arsenious anhydride are known, but as yet
they are not characterised by any special chemical distinctions,
and even differ but little in their specific gravities, so that it
cannot be said that the above differences are due to any isomeric
transformation--that is, to an arrangement of the atoms in the
molecule--but probably only depend on a difference in the
distribution of the molecules, or, in other terms, are physical
and not chemical variations. One part of the vitreous anhydride
requires twelve parts of boiling water for its solution, or
twenty-five parts at the ordinary temperature. The opaque variety
is less soluble, and at the ordinary temperature requires about
seventy parts of water for its solution.
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