The Principles of Chemistry, Volume IIMendeleyev, Dmitry Ivanovich
Science
The Principles of Chemistry, Volume II
Mendeleyev, Dmitry Ivanovich
Argon; Chemistry; Periodic law
If metallic antimony, or antimonious oxide, be oxidised by an excess of
nitric acid and the resultant mass be carefully evaporated to dryness,
_metantimonic acid_, SbHO_{3}, is formed. Its corresponding potassium
salt, 2SbKO_{3},5H_{2}O, is prepared by fusing metallic antimony with
one-fourth its weight of nitre and washing the resultant mass with cold
water. This potassium salt is only slightly soluble in water (in 50
parts) and the sodium salt is still less so. An ortho-acid, SbH_{3}O_{4},
also appears to exist;[41 bis] it is obtained by the action of water on
antimony pentachloride, but it is very unstable, like the pentachloride,
SbCl_{5}, itself, which easily gives up Cl_{2}, leaving antimony
trichloride, SbCl_{3}, and this is decomposed by water, forming an
oxychloride--SbOCl, only slightly soluble in water. When antimonic acid
is heated to an incipient red heat, it parts with water and forms the
anhydride, Sb_{2}O_{5}, of a yellow colour and specific gravity 6·5.[42]
[41 bis] Beilstein and Blaese (1889), after preparing many salts of
antimonic acid, came to the conclusion that it is monobasic, but
all the salts still contain water, so that their general type is
mostly: MSbO_{3}3H_{2}O, for example, M = Li, Hg (salts of the
suboxide), 1/2 Pb, &c. The type of the ortho-salts, M_{2}SbO_{4},
is quite unknown, although it is reproduced in the thio-compounds,
for instance, Schlippe's salt, Na_{2}SbS_{4}, but this salt also
contains water of crystallisation, 9H_{2}O (Chapter XX., Note 29).
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