The Principles of Chemistry, Volume II

Name: The Principles of Chemistry, Volume II
Author: Mendeleyev, Dmitry Ivanovich

Mendeleyev, Dmitry Ivanovich

Argon; Chemistry; Periodic law

The variation with concentration in the rate of the action of
       sulphuric acid on zinc (containing impurities) under otherwise
       uniform conditions is in evident connection with the electrical
       conductivity of the solution and its viscosity, although, when
       largely diluted, the action is almost proportional to the amount
       of acid in a known volume of the solution. Forging, casting the
       molten metal, and similar mechanical influences change the density
       and hardness of zinc, and also strongly influence its power of
       liberating hydrogen from acids. Kayander showed (1881) that when
       magnesium is submitted to the action of acids: (_a_) the action
       depends, not on the nature of the acid, but on its basicity; (_b_)
       the increase of the action is more rapid than the growth of the
       concentration; and (_c_) there is a decrease of action with the
       increase of the coefficient of internal friction and electrical
       conductivity.

       Spring and Aubel (1887) measured the volume of hydrogen disengaged
       by an alloy of zinc and a small quantity of lead (0·6 p.c.),
       because the action of acids is then uniform. In order to deal with
       a known surface, spheres were taken (9·5 millimetres diameter) and
       cylinders (17 mm. dia.), the sides of which were covered with wax
       in order to limit the action to the end surfaces. During the
       commencement of the action of a definite quantity of acid the
       rapidity increases, attains a maximum, and then declines as the
       acid becomes exhausted. The results for 5, 10, and 15 per cent. of
       hydrochloric acid are given below. H denotes the number of cubic
       centimetres of hydrogen, D the time in seconds elapsing after the
       zinc spheres have been plunged into the acid. At 15° were
       obtained:

                  H =  50   100   200   400   600   800   1000
           5 p.c. D = 714  1152  1755  2731  3908  6234  15462
          10 p.c. D = 301   455   649   995  1573  2746   6748
          15 p.c. D = 106   151   233   440   826  1604   4289


          At 35°:

           5 p.c. D = 462   705  1058  1700  2525  4132   8499
          10 p.c. D =  96   148   239   460   835  1594   3735
          15 p.c. D =  44    64   112   255   505  1011   2457


          At 55°:

           5 p.c. D = 178   276   408   699  1164  2105   5093
          10 p.c. D =  34    60   113   258   491   970   2457
          15 p.c. D =  24    35    58   136   239   610   1593

Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.

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The Principles of Chemistry, Volume IIMendeleyev, Dmitry Ivanovich

Science

The Principles of Chemistry, Volume II

Mendeleyev, Dmitry Ivanovich

Argon; Chemistry; Periodic law

The variation with concentration in the rate of the action of
       sulphuric acid on zinc (containing impurities) under otherwise
       uniform conditions is in evident connection with the electrical
       conductivity of the solution and its viscosity, although, when
       largely diluted, the action is almost proportional to the amount
       of acid in a known volume of the solution. Forging, casting the
       molten metal, and similar mechanical influences change the density
       and hardness of zinc, and also strongly influence its power of
       liberating hydrogen from acids. Kayander showed (1881) that when
       magnesium is submitted to the action of acids: (_a_) the action
       depends, not on the nature of the acid, but on its basicity; (_b_)
       the increase of the action is more rapid than the growth of the
       concentration; and (_c_) there is a decrease of action with the
       increase of the coefficient of internal friction and electrical
       conductivity.

       Spring and Aubel (1887) measured the volume of hydrogen disengaged
       by an alloy of zinc and a small quantity of lead (0·6 p.c.),
       because the action of acids is then uniform. In order to deal with
       a known surface, spheres were taken (9·5 millimetres diameter) and
       cylinders (17 mm. dia.), the sides of which were covered with wax
       in order to limit the action to the end surfaces. During the
       commencement of the action of a definite quantity of acid the
       rapidity increases, attains a maximum, and then declines as the
       acid becomes exhausted. The results for 5, 10, and 15 per cent. of
       hydrochloric acid are given below. H denotes the number of cubic
       centimetres of hydrogen, D the time in seconds elapsing after the
       zinc spheres have been plunged into the acid. At 15° were
       obtained:

                  H =  50   100   200   400   600   800   1000
           5 p.c. D = 714  1152  1755  2731  3908  6234  15462
          10 p.c. D = 301   455   649   995  1573  2746   6748
          15 p.c. D = 106   151   233   440   826  1604   4289


          At 35°:

           5 p.c. D = 462   705  1058  1700  2525  4132   8499
          10 p.c. D =  96   148   239   460   835  1594   3735
          15 p.c. D =  44    64   112   255   505  1011   2457


          At 55°:

           5 p.c. D = 178   276   408   699  1164  2105   5093
          10 p.c. D =  34    60   113   258   491   970   2457
          15 p.c. D =  24    35    58   136   239   610   1593

Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.

The Principles of Chemistry, Volume II

The Principles of Chemistry, Volume II

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